Antioxidant

Cochlospermum planchonii is a multipurpose traditional medicinal plant that is found in most tropical regions of the world. The objectives of this research were to identify the class and type of phytochemicals present, quantify the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and determine the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the plant leaves extract. This was achieved by extracting with two solvents of very different polarity (n-hexane and methanol). Harborne’s method was used for the identification of the class of phytochemicals while GC-MS was used to identify the type of phytochemicals. Folin-Ciocalteau method was used to determine the total phenolic content while aluminum colorimetric assay was used to determine the total flavonoid content. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used for the antibacterial assay while DPPH was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. The phytochemical screening showed presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and glycosides while terpenoids, alkaloids and anthraquinones were absent in the methanol extract. Steroids and terpenoids were present in the n-hexane extract while saponins, alkaloids, anthraquinones and glycosides were absent. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents obtained were 97.48 ± 0.42 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g extract and 161.85 ± 0.37 mg quercetin equivalent/ g extract respectively. Several phytochemicals were identified using GC-MS. The most abundant in the methanol and n-hexane extracts was n-hexadecanoic acid (9.90%) and octacosane (24.24%) respectively. The observed DPPH scavenging activity was 66.73 ± 0.26% while extract reduced Fe3+ ferricyanide complex to the ferrous form (Fe2+). The methanol extract was active against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typii, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The leaves of Cochlospermum planchonii is rich in phenolics and flavonoids and possess high antioxidant activity. It also exhibits antibacterial activity against some human pathogens.

To establish a comparative account within the taxa by assessing its anti-oxidative property and mapping it with the morphometric characters. The methanolic leaf extracts of 12 Cassia L. species were screened for their antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and reducing power capability with reference to standard Ascorbic acid. Chamaecrista kleinii exhibited strong antioxidant activity with IC50 2.17 µg mL-1, followed with Senna auriculata (IC50 11.51 µg mL-1) and Senna polyphylla (15.17 µg mL-1). Highest reducing ability was observed in Senna auriculata extract with 0.676 nm absorbance. The correlation observed between the reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging assay supports the contribution of the phytoconstitutents like phenolics and flavonoids towards managing oxidative stress. The present study reveals the beneficiary effects of the selected plants by virtue of their antioxidant activity that can be harnessed in drug formulations. Keywords: Antioxidant, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl, reducing power, Cassia.

The present research work is mainly concerned with the natural compounds that are obtained from traditional medicinal plants. There are number of natural compounds have been available in the nature. Some natural compounds are very useful to human being and have life potential to save human from many uncurable disease. Keeping view in the mind the research is focused to extract and isolate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, antiulcer activities containing compounds are studied. The major natural compounds is ginger,   The ginger is obtained from rhizomes of zingiber officinale, and useful anti rhuematic and pungent and spicy contains gingerol and shogaol as active principles. All components are isolated from the concerned extracts. The extraction   of all plants are based on successive solvent extraction method for all drugs.The constituents are confirmed by structure elucidation. The structure of each compounds are intrepreted by different spectral techniques like Infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic spectrum (hydrogen anc carbon thirteen spectra) and mass spectroscopy for molecular  formula and molecular weight of the unknown compounds.  The biological evaluation of each compound is performed separately. For antioxidant activity DPPH method is used. & the immunomodulatory activity

The objective of the present study was to assess the conservative effects of pre-freeze supplementation of L-Ergothioneine (EGT) in the cryomedia, on the post thaw mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and its associated functional parameters such as the motility, ability to undergo capacitation and acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa. Although sperm cryopreservation is an established technique, it is known to result in reduction of the above listed factors which would negatively affect the embryo quality and probability of blastocyst formation. EGT being an antioxidant, elucidates action against the ROS produced due to cryopreservation. In the present study, 400 normozoospermic semen samples were cryopreserved with (Test) and without (Control) EGT supplementation. Clinically relevant: Semen analysis (WHO 2010), invitro fertilization ability assessment (Chlortetracyclin Immunofluorescence study), MMP assessment (JC-1 immunofluorescence study) and Lipid peroxidation status (Malondialdehyde concentration assessment) were performed in both fresh and frozen thawed samples. It was seen that with the increase in ROS production due to cryopreservation, there is a significant decrease in the post thaw sperm quality and its mitochondrial integrity (Fresh vs Control: p

Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(L)) is an annual Herbaceous legume upto 3m in height, abundant in Tropical region of Africa and Asia. The plant has many indigenous system of Medications like Ayurveda, siddha and has been a part of many Traditional literatures. It is drought resistant and sustainable to wide range of soil types. In north Indian states it is cultivated for guar gum production and for use as forage. Plant is well known for its disease protective properties due to the presence of many bioactive components. Various parts such as leaves, seeds and pods are used in asthma, diabetes, inflammation, as Laxative, antibilious, anticholesteric, appetite depressor and hypolipidemic agent. Researchers have reported the presence of many essential Phytochemicals in plant responsible for the antioxidant activity of plant. Present review is an effort to describe the traditional uses, phytochemical identification, pharmacological activities and Bioactive components of plant.

Bauhinia variegata Linn widely used in folk medicine for varied purposes to treat different kinds of pathologies particularly diabetes, infections, pain and inflammation owing to the presence of numerous phytochemicals residing in the plant. The chemical constituents isolated so far from the plant are β-sitosterol, kaempferol-3-glucoside, tannins, carbohydrates, amides, reducing sugars, vitamin C, crude protein, fibers, calcium, phosphorus, quercetin, rutin, quercitrin, apigenin, apigenin- 7-O-glucoside, heptatriacontan-12, 13-diol and dotetracontan-15-en-9-ol. Different parts of Bauhinia variegata like leaves, bark and flowers have significant antioxidant activity. Bauhinia variegata can be considered as a model herbal drug for experimental studies including free radical induced disorders like cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis etc.

Heterophragma adenophyllum is a traditional medicinal tree occurring in both tropical and sub tropical regions of the world and is important for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. The physicochemical, phytochemical and antioxidant activity of total methanolic extract of leaves and bark of Heterophragma adenophyllumwere investigated. The total ash, water soluble, acid insoluble, alcohol soluble extractive, water soluble extractive, moisture content and fluorescence property of Heterophragma adenophyllumleaf and barkpowder were evaluated. Phytochemical screenings of oven dried extracts were performed to check the presence of various phytoconstituents. The leaf methanolic oven dried extract showed the presence of carbohydrates, phenolic, flavonoids, anthraquinones, alkaloids and amino acids were as bark methanolic oven dried extract shows presence of phenolic, carbohydrats and flavenoids.  The capacity of antioxidant property of both the methanolic extract was evaluated by using DPPH and Superoxide anion radical scavenging assay. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were estimated to quantify the presence of phenolic content in extracts. The leaf total methanolic oven dried extract showed higher antioxidant activity compared to bark methanolic oven dried extract and thus, the outcome of the present study suggest that the therapeutic activities of leaf methanolic extract of heterophragma adenophyllumcan be attributed to its antioxidant property.

Acacia seyal is well known in the Sudanese traditional medicine for its therapeutic value. The pleasantly fragrant fumigate bath, locally known as Dokhan, mainly from the stem or stem wood of the plant is widely used for cosmetic and medicinal purposes. The investigation and a composition of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the dry distillates (Dokhan) prepared by dry distillation method from the stem, stem wood and stem bark is the objective of the present study.  The results showed remarkable antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the dry distillates. The antioxidant activity assayed by using DPPH radical scavenging technique was found to be 94±0.01%, 95±0.03, 93±0.02 for the stem, its wood and bark respectively compared to Propylgallate, standard antioxidant agent 90±0.01. The disc diffusion procedure was used for antimicrobial activity assessment which revealed the highest activity in the stem wood dry distillate with inhibitory zone diameter ranging from 20 to 36 mm.

A novel antioxidant oxochromen derivative was isolated and characterized from Thespesia populnea stem bark (Linn.) with the evaluation of its in vitro antioxidant activity. The isolated compound was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectral technique. The spectral data revealed the structure [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxochromen-6-yl)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxyl methyl) oxan-3-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate. Antioxidant activity of the isolated compound was evaluated by DPPH scavenging activity, ABTS scavenging activity and Ferric reducing /antioxidant power assay. Results show that isolated compound from the acetone extract fraction of T. populnea stem bark exhibit better antioxidant activity at lower concentration in all the methods and at higher concentrations they act as prooxidants. In conclusion the present results suggested that the isolated compound could be a potential antioxidant agent for preparing functional foods and nutraceuticals applied in food and pharmaceutical industries.

This survey was designed to investigate the evaluation of synergic anticancer activity of Punica grantum L and Ziziphus mauritiana extracts by using invitro cytotoxicity assay, invitro and invivo antioxidant estimation. The invitro antioxidant activity of ethanol, aqueous and chloroform extracts of  Punica grantum L and Ziziphus mauritiana and combination of them was estimated by reducing power, diphenyl picryl hydrazyl scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays using standard procedure, the invivo antioxidant activity was  also performed  by estimation of  Catalase and Glutathione in liver homogenate. The extracts were screened for their invitro cytotoxicity by trypan blue exclusion assay and Allium cepa root tips. The results displayed the 100µg/ml of both ethanol and aqueous extracts i.e. Punica grantum L and it’s combination with Ziziphus mauritiana having the maximum invitro antioxidant activity. Ethanol and aqueous extract of combination of Punica grantum L and Ziziphus and ethanol extract of Punica grantum L has produced the significant increase in the glutathione and catalase levels. The cytotoxic effect of ethanol extracts of Punica grantum L and Ziziphus mauritiana significantly increased in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells with an increase in concentration by trypan blue cytotoxic assay and also significant root growth inhibition in Allium cepa after 48h. The percentage decrease in mitotic index was found to be 27.28 % in 800 μg/ml of ethanol extracts of Punica grantum L and Ziziphus mauritiana. Accordingly, the synergic anticancer activity of illustrated extracts was evinced. Key words: Antioxidant, cytotoxic assay, Punica grantum L, Zizipus mauritiana