Antimicrobial

The pulvurised leaves of P. americana was extracted with methanol and the crude extract obtained was subjected to antimicrobial screening against clinically isolated organisms from patients with infectious wounds, the organisms include; E colli spp, Klebsellia spp, and Pseudomona spp., Klebsiellia spp only produce inhibitory activity against the extract with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.05-0.15mg/ml. The methanolic extract showed no zone of inhibition with E. coli and Psuedomonas spp indicating that it does not have any inhibition activity against such bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.05-0.15mg/ml.

The present study aimed to screen the in vitro antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate fraction isolated from the leaves of Heterophragma adenophyllum against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis and Klebsiella pneumonia broad spectrum microorganism. The study was carried out by using standard nutrient broth for microbes and streptomycin was taken as a positive control. Ethyl acetate fraction used as a test sample and DMSO as a negative control. From the results of the zone of inhibition it was concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction was pusses in vitro antimicrobial activity while results of minimum inhibitory concentration, it was revealed that all bacterial strains were sensitive towards selected fraction for the study.

The present study describes screening for antimicrobial and anthelmintic activity of the petroleum ether and alcoholic extracts of Corchorus depressus Linn. (Tiliaceae). The plant has been used in the traditional Indian system of medicine as an antibacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic drug, as a tonic, cooling medicine in fevers; its mucilage is prescribed in gonorrhea. Root is rubbed on stone and smeared over forehead to get relief in migraine; extract of plant is applied as a paste in healing of wounds. The HPLC chromatograms of the methanolic extract shows a single large peak with a retention time 6.451 min along with other components.  The Anthelmintic activity was studied on adult Indian earthworms, ‘Pheretima posithuma’. The methanolic extract produced more significant Anthelmintic activity than petroleum ether extract and the activities are comparable with the reference drug Piperazine citrate. The methanolic whole plant extract exhibited significant anti bacterial, antifungal activity, comparable to the standard drug tetracycline. The present study confirms the folklore claim of the plant utilized for its antimicrobial activity

Isatin is an endogeneous and an important class of heterocyclic compound. It possess indole nucleus having both keto and lactam moiety with a diverse pharmacological properties like antimicrobial, antitubercular, anticonvulsant activity etc. Isatin derivatives are synthetically important substrates, which can be used for the synthesis of a large variety of heterocyclic compounds, and as raw material for drug synthesis. Recently, isatin derivatives have attracted strong interest in organic and medicinal chemistry due to their potent biological and pharmacological activities. The purpose of this review is to provide information on the pharmacological activities of isatin and its derivative.

In this study we prepare different types of acredinediones derivatives. The derivatives were characterized by using different types of spectra chemical techniques like IR, NMR CHN and mass spectra. The anti-microbial activity was done using diffusion method technique. The antibiotic Streptomycin and Amphotericin was used as a standard for comparative study. All the derivatives were found active and show good antimicrobial activity.

Man’s existence on this earth has been made possible only because of the vital role played by the plant kingdom in sustaining his life. The three important necessities of life – food, clothing and shelter and a host of other useful products are supplied to a great extent by the plant kingdom. Cardiospermum halicacabum is one of the medicinally potential plants which is used in the treatment of rheumatism, lumbago, cough, hyperthermia, and nervous diseases. The present investigation was undertaken to screen the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Cardiospermum halicacabum whole extract.

The use of heterocyclic compounds in field of medicinal chemistry is increasing day by day due to various reasons like heterocyclic compounds are included in the structure of many biochemical materials, which are essential for life. Nucleic acid, many naturally occurring pigments like chlorophyll, vitamins and antibiotics contains heterocyclic nucleus. Modern society is also dependent on synthetic heterocycles for use as drugs, pesticides and dyes. The work embodied in this article relates to benzimidazole as it is a versatile heterocycle which exhibit broad range of biological activities. Benzimidazoles (known as o-phenylenediamine derivatives) are mostly synthesized from o-phenylenediamines. This ring system is present in numerous anti-protozoal, anti-helmintics, anti-HIV, anti-convulsant, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, and anti-ulcer agents. Several benzimidazoles such as albendazole, mebendazole, flubendazole, fenbendazole, omeprazole, lansoprazole, and clofazone are used in therapy. In this review, various antimicrobial benzimidazoles were summarized & reported. In addition this review highlights the antimicrobialpotency of benzimidazole to medicinal world.

Acacia seyal is well known in the Sudanese traditional medicine for its therapeutic value. The pleasantly fragrant fumigate bath, locally known as Dokhan, mainly from the stem or stem wood of the plant is widely used for cosmetic and medicinal purposes. The investigation and a composition of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the dry distillates (Dokhan) prepared by dry distillation method from the stem, stem wood and stem bark is the objective of the present study.  The results showed remarkable antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the dry distillates. The antioxidant activity assayed by using DPPH radical scavenging technique was found to be 94±0.01%, 95±0.03, 93±0.02 for the stem, its wood and bark respectively compared to Propylgallate, standard antioxidant agent 90±0.01. The disc diffusion procedure was used for antimicrobial activity assessment which revealed the highest activity in the stem wood dry distillate with inhibitory zone diameter ranging from 20 to 36 mm.

The aim of the study was to assess Pharmacognestic study of crude plant extract of Rivea hypocrateriformis and was carried out to characterize the chemical composition of some constituents by GC-MS analysis. Different solvent extracts (aqueous, methanolic, chloroform, ethyl acetate and DMSO) of plant R. hypocrateriformis leaves were assessed for in vitro antimicrobial activity assay by disc diffusion method furthermore antioxidant assay was carried out DPPH free radical scavenging activity, Phytochemical screening was carried out by ‘guide to modern techniques of plant analysis” and GC-MS analyses were performed to identify the constituents present in the plant that stand behind such activities. Due to higher polarity, DMSO extract show revealed presence of maximum phytochemical composition susceptibility as well as methanol and chloroform shows average amount of phytoconstituents. The antibacterial screening is the major of the inhibition hollow observed in inhibition zone. The highest inhibition zone was observed in DMSO extract against each bacterial strain. Where E. coli shows mid active zone inhibition and S. aureus show less, IC50 value of the sample was found to be moderate as compared to standard and the eight compounds were identified in R. hypocrateriformis leaf extract by GCMS analysis. R. hypocrateriformis plant had considerable major chemical composition present in crude extract. Due to presence of major chemical components make it seems to be important for medical purposes and plant contains Potential antibacterial components that may be useful for evolution of pharmaceutical for the therapy of ailments. Also plant extracts can be used for the treatment of infections caused by the strains of the test bacterial organisms.

Thiazolidinone is considered as biologically significant compound that possesses almost all types of biological activities. Some new 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones have been synthesized from ketimines by microwave irradiation method. Microwave mediated organic reactions take place more rapidly, safely, with high yields and ecofriendly too. All the synthesized products were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. The results of the tests showed that some of the synthesized compounds are effective antibacterial as well as antifungal agents.