DPPH

Transition metal complexes of Ni (II) with schiff base ligand (HL) derived from condensation of 3-Bromo benzaldehyde and hydrazine monohydrate were successfully synthesized , characterized and isolated .The schiff base ligand and its Ni(II) complexes prepared were characterized by melting  point /decomposition temperature, solubility, conductivity/ Molar conductance, UV- visible, FT-IR, XRD, TGA and elemental analysis results. In the UV-Vis study, a bathochromic shift of approximately 60 nm indicating the formation of coordinated Ni(II) complexes by more than one coordinating sites . IR spectra of the free ligand  showed a band at 1660cm-1 which is assigned to the (-C=N-) stretching vibration of the azomethine functional group. These bands were observed at lower frequencies in the spectra of Ni(II) complexes which indicates complexation process between schiff base ligand  and Ni2+ ion . Low conductance (7-9 ohm-1 cm2 Mol-1) measurement indicated that the Ni (II) complexes are non electrolytic in nature whereas elemental analysis result revealed 1:1 Nickel-schiff base ratio. TGA analysis showed the presence of two coordinated water molecules on the basis of physico chemical measurements the following empirical formulas have been assigned to coordinated Ni(II) complex : [ Ni(HL)2 ] 2Cl. 2H2O, [ Ni(HL)2 ] SO4 .2H2O. The antioxidant activities of schiff base ligand and Ni(II) complexes were evaluated by using DPPH reagent ie, 2, 2’- diphenyl -1-picrylhydrazyl free radical assay which showed that coordinated Ni(II) complexes have a higher antioxidant activities than that of Schiff base ligand. All compounds have been evaluated for invitro anti microbial activities against isolated bacterial strains of  E. coli (MTCC-1687), E. faecalis (MTCC-439), S. aureus (MTCC-737) and MR S. aureus (Indigenous) .All compounds showed mild to moderate antibacterial activities. The minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged from 50 μ g/ml to 3.125 μ g/ml. All compounds displayed invitro anti bacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains. It may be proved that the antibacterial activity of compounds is related to the cell wall structure of the tested bacterial stain. The synthesis of Ni(II) complexes via template method is a good method for obtaining very efficient bioactive agents as a good drug candidates for various biological applications in future for humans. As well as schiff base molecular adducts of Ni(II) complexes are also promising material in different cutting edge research areas like applications in preparation of solar cells, super capacitors, catalysts and electrode materials.

This work is devoted to phytochemical study of tannic extracts from the leaves of Combretum paniculatum (CP), Mallotus oppositifolius (MO) and Ximenia americana (XA), three medicinal plants of Ivorian flora, used in traditional medicine against certain types of cancer. Qualitative analysis by phytochemical screening of these extracts, performed by means of TLC, revealed in addition to hydrolysable and condensed tannins, the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids. Total tannin contents determined by permanganometry and spectrophotometry are respectively 41.03 ± 0.77% and 12.3648 ± 0.0004% for MO; 20.03 ± 0.44% and 11.7974 ± 0.0001% for XA; 18.76 ± 0.89% and 11.6026 ± 0.0008% for CP. Condensed tannin content in XA leaves (234.135 ± 0.003 µg ECT/mg) is considerably higher than in CP (37.731 ± 0.001 µg ECT/mg) and MO (19.082 ± 0.001 µg ECT/mg). All XA extracts (aqueous and ethyl acetate) have shown good antioxidant activity with CR50s which are lower than that of vitamin C (reference antioxidant). A correlative relationship was found between tannin content and antioxidant activity.

Present study was design to investigated In vitro antioxidant activity of hydroethanolic (HEETF), methanolic (METF) and aqueous extracts (AQETF) of Thalictrum foliolosum family-Ranuculacaece. Traditionally used for jaundice, antimalarial, antipyretic, Diuretics, dyspepsia and febrifuge was found in scientific literature. The antioxidant activity (AA) was determined by the possible four complementary test assay methods namely total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, Inhibition of  2,2 diphenyl -1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and ABTS (2-2’- azinobis) radical scavenging activity or quenching activity .Total phenolic content were found in HEETF, METF and AQETF 43.64±24.2, 53.64± 32.8 and 55.82±30.6 respectively, result shows as mg/GAE/ g of extract. Total flavonoid content  were found in HEETF, METF and AQETF 25.43±31.3, 33.42± 29.3 and 42.67±31.8 respectively, result shows as mg/Rutin /g of extract.  In DPPH radical scavenging activity, IC50 value were found in HEETF, METF and AQETF 4.270µg/ml, 4.90 µg/ml and 5.170 µg/ml respectively, in ABTS 2-2’- azinobis radical scavenging activity value were found in HEETF, METF and AQETF  3.35µg/ml, 3.58µg/ml and  4.86 µg/m respectively. The present study revealed that hydroethanolic extract shows significant Antioxidant, Thus it provides a platform for further research, it could be a potential candidate for further drug development

Antioxidants play a vital role in protection against various diseases and disorders. In search for new antioxidants, nutraceuticals are extensively studied for their preventive effects. Paspalum scrobiculatum Linn., commonly known as Kodo millet, is a minor millet found in India having pharmacological importance. Whole grains of kodo millet were evaluated for its antioxidant potential. Five different extracts of kodo millet, i.e. 70% ethanol, 70% methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts were screened for their reducing capacity and free radical scavenging capacity. 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Assay was performed using ascorbic acid as standard at 515 nm. The reducing capacity was measured at 700 nm with ascorbic acid as reference standard. Highest radical quenching was observed in ethanol extract, 64.609 ± 0.131µg/ml Ascorbic Acid Equivalent (AAE). The reducing capacity was found maximum in ethanol extract, followed by methanol. All the extracts showed antioxidant potential and the hydro-alcoholic extracts, i.e. methanol and ethanol showed high reducing and radical scavenging capacity respectively. The results of preliminary study indicate that the grains of Paspalum scrobiculatum have good antioxidant potential and these can be used as potent Nutraceutical against target diseases which can be studied further.

A novel antioxidant oxochromen derivative was isolated and characterized from Thespesia populnea stem bark (Linn.) with the evaluation of its in vitro antioxidant activity. The isolated compound was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectral technique. The spectral data revealed the structure [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxochromen-6-yl)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxyl methyl) oxan-3-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate. Antioxidant activity of the isolated compound was evaluated by DPPH scavenging activity, ABTS scavenging activity and Ferric reducing /antioxidant power assay. Results show that isolated compound from the acetone extract fraction of T. populnea stem bark exhibit better antioxidant activity at lower concentration in all the methods and at higher concentrations they act as prooxidants. In conclusion the present results suggested that the isolated compound could be a potential antioxidant agent for preparing functional foods and nutraceuticals applied in food and pharmaceutical industries.

The aim of the study was to assess Pharmacognestic study of crude plant extract of Rivea hypocrateriformis and was carried out to characterize the chemical composition of some constituents by GC-MS analysis. Different solvent extracts (aqueous, methanolic, chloroform, ethyl acetate and DMSO) of plant R. hypocrateriformis leaves were assessed for in vitro antimicrobial activity assay by disc diffusion method furthermore antioxidant assay was carried out DPPH free radical scavenging activity, Phytochemical screening was carried out by ‘guide to modern techniques of plant analysis” and GC-MS analyses were performed to identify the constituents present in the plant that stand behind such activities. Due to higher polarity, DMSO extract show revealed presence of maximum phytochemical composition susceptibility as well as methanol and chloroform shows average amount of phytoconstituents. The antibacterial screening is the major of the inhibition hollow observed in inhibition zone. The highest inhibition zone was observed in DMSO extract against each bacterial strain. Where E. coli shows mid active zone inhibition and S. aureus show less, IC50 value of the sample was found to be moderate as compared to standard and the eight compounds were identified in R. hypocrateriformis leaf extract by GCMS analysis. R. hypocrateriformis plant had considerable major chemical composition present in crude extract. Due to presence of major chemical components make it seems to be important for medical purposes and plant contains Potential antibacterial components that may be useful for evolution of pharmaceutical for the therapy of ailments. Also plant extracts can be used for the treatment of infections caused by the strains of the test bacterial organisms.

The study was aimed to determine antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of both leaf and root of 12 nos. of therapeutically used mangrove species of Odisha coast using different antioxidant assays i.e., DPPH, FRAP and ‘Reducing Power’. Significantly higher DPPH radical scavenging effect was observed in leaf extracts of Heritierafomes (IC50=13µg/ml). However, in root extract, the activity was higher in Rhizophoraapiculata (IC50=17µg/ml). As far as total antioxidant content is concerned, Avicennia marina showed highest content i.e94.16±5.36 mg AEAC/g dry wt.in leaf sample and87.33±0 mg AEAC/g dry wt. in root sample. The highest FRAP value (4.75±0.08 mM AAE/g dry wt.)  in leaf samples was found in Cerberamanghas. Whereas, highest FRAP value (5.19±0.40 mM AAE/g dry wt.) in root extract was noted in Cynometrairipa. As regard to reducing power, Kandeliacandel showed highest activity e.g.,3.49±0.08 mg AAE/g dry wt. in leaf extracts among the studied species. In root extract, Aglaiacucullata exhibited highest reducing activity (3.35±0.01 mg AAE/g dry wt.). This study revealed that H. fomes, R. apiculata, A. marina, C. manghas, C. iripaand K. candelwere found to be good sources of natural antioxidants for pharmaceutical utilization.

Leaves of Balanites aegyptiaca have been used in Africa as traditional medicine in the form of juice to treat diarrhea, dysentery, cuts and wounds. So this study is intended to discover the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Balanites aegyptiaca leaves. Leaves were macerated using methanol to get a crude extract. Antioxidant activity of methanol extract was found to be 89.6 % at 1 mg/mL with IC50 value of 182.02 μg/mL (r2 = 0.9883) using DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl) free radical scavenging method. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the methanolic leaf extracts was assessed on one gram-positive and one gram-negative bacterium using the disc diffusion assay. Antibacterial activity of methanol extract was higher for Escherichia coli with 8.15 ± 1.22 mm zone of inhibition and for Staphylococcus aureus methanol extract was not effective with the zone of inhibition of 0.00 ± 0.00 mm. The methanolic leaves extract of B. aegyptiaca revealed potential antioxidant activity but antibacterial activity was found to be relatively lower to that of the standard antibiotics used.

Clerodendrum indicum.(L.)Kuntze is commonly known as bharangi, roots and leaves are used in skin and digestive disorders by folk people. In Ayurvedic medicine same is used as cough and pitta suppressant. However, very less work is reported from this plant. The aim of the study in this paper was to evaluate its cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of leaf and bark extracts. Cytotoxic potential was explored using brine shrimp mortality assay and antioxidant potential of the extracts was explored using quantitative TLC based DPPH assay and Qualitative Radical scavenging DPPH assay. An attempt was made to isolate the active fraction of the plant from leaf extract. Out of four extracts   Methanol extracts of leaf (C.indicum) showed significant cytotoxic activity of 90% at the dose of 200µg/ml.  Maximum number of antioxidant bands were obtained in chloroform extract of the leaf sample. Methanol extract of leaf gave a flavonoids fraction which showed promising cytotoxic activity. Thus, study has provided lead and needs elaborate experimentation.

To evaluate phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential of methanol aerial parts (leaf and stem) extract of Mentha arvensis L from Kashmiri Himalaya region. The extract shows the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, carbohydrates, proteins, tannins and phenolics. The antioxidant activity of methanol aerial extract of Mentha arvensis L was evaluated by using 1,1-diphenyl, 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and reducing power assays. The total phenolic and total flavonoid content (mg/g) was found to be 672.11 and 283.1 respectively. The percentage inhibition of DPPH scavenging was found to be 81.33% at concentration of 0.5mg/ml. The reducing power was found to be 0.76 at 0.1mg/ml and increased to 2.42 at 0.5mg/ml. The results obtained revealed that methanol extract from aerial parts of Mentha arvensis L can be promising candidates for natural sources of antioxidants with high activity.