Ravi

  The present study was undertaken to investigate the release retardant potential of Borassus flabellifer mucilage in tablet formulations. In the present study six batches of diclofenac sodium matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation method with different concentrations of BFM (2.5, 5, 7.5,10 and 12.5%w/w) and compared with guar gum as standard release retardant polymer. The tablets had uniform physical appearance, average weight, drug content, and adequate hardness. The results of in vitro release revealed that as the proportion of mucilage in the matrix was increased there was a corresponding decrease in the release of drug. Among the formulations studied formulation F5 containing BFM in the concentration of 12.5% showed sustained and required dissolution profile of drug for 12hrs with cumulative percent release of 98%. Further, the matrix tablets were found to release the drug by diffusion coupled with erosion mechanism. The swelling studies revealed that, as the proportion of mucilage in tablets was increased, there was a corresponding increase in percent swelling of tablets. The SEM photomicrographs showed both pores and gelling structures were present on the surface of tablets indicates the combination of diffusion and erosion mechanism in the release of diclofenac. No chemical interaction between drug, mucilage and mixture of mucilage/drug was seen as confirmed by DSC and IR studies. Optimized formulation (F5) showed no change in physical appearance, drug content, or in dissolution pattern after storage at 40±2°C and 75±5% RH for 3 months.

  A series of substituted piperazine derivatives have been synthesized and tested for antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains like B. subtilis, B. pumillis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa . These entire compounds have been characterized by their IR and 1H NMR spectral data. All synthesized compounds showed significant activity against bacterial strains. The biological screening showed that the compounds Vc, Vd and Ve are the most active ones showing an interesting antibacterial activity.

  Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton (Oleaceae) is traditionally used as an antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory agent. The objective of this study was to investigate experimentally the possible analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Jasminum sambac. The effect of petroleum ether extract of leaves of Jasminum sambac (PEJS) was evaluated in experimental models of pain and inflammation. The leaf extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant decrease in acetic acid induced writhings in mice with a maximum of 67.49 % at 400 mg/kg. In tail immersion and hot plate method, treatment with PEJS (200 and 400 mg/kg) showed significant (p

  A simple and rapid method has been developed for the quantification of Domperidone (DMP) and Ranitidine (RAN) through FT-IR in combined dosage form. The method involves the measurement of peaks of amine (-NH) at 1620 cm-1 (RAN) and carbonyl group (C=O) at 1717 cm-1 (DMP). The method was validated for pharmaceuticals in tablet form and found to be precise with high recovery levels (>99%). Key words: FT-IR, Ranitidine, Domperidone, combined dosage form.

  The antioxidant capacity of foods, medicines and their supplements can be estimated by following procedures of certain methods involving spectrophotometer which is discussed here. The methods followed have been slightly modified sometimes, to suit the needs of botanicals. All the procedures, given here require spectrophotometer to asess the ability of absorbance. The significance of antioxidants in diets, medicines and nutraceuticals is enumerated. Each method has its own ability of reacting with either reductants or enzymes, or free radicals.Thus antioxidant capacity requires two or three methods to assess the capacity of antioxidants present in foods and medicines.

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate controlled porosity osmotic pump tablet (CPOP) system to deliver Verapamil HCl inacontrolledmannerupto24 h. The porous osmotic pump contains pore forming water soluble additives in the coating membrane, which after coming in contact with water, dissolve, resulting in an in situ formation of a microporous structure. Mannitol was used as an osmotic agent and cellulose acetate (CA) was used as semipermeable membrane. Polyethylene glycol 400(PEG-400) was employed as a pore forming agent as well as plasticizer for controlling membrane porosity. The influences of drug: osmogent ratio, concentration of PEG-400 and membrane thickness on the release profiles were investigated using 23 full factorial design and optimized batch was investigated in different environmental media and stirring rates. It was found that drug release rate increased with the amount of osmogent due to the increased water uptake, and hence increased driving force for drug release. This could be retarded by the proper concentration of channelling agent and membrane thickness in order to achieve the desired zero order release profile. This system was found to deliver Verapamil HCl at a zero order rate for24 h. The optimized formulations were subjected to stability studies as per ICH guidelines at different temperature and humidity conditions.

Tuberculosis is a contagious infection caused by air borne bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a growing health problem in the developing world. India accounts for one-fifth of the global TB incident cases, each year nearly two million people in India develop TB1. This was a retrospective record based survey carried at AH & RC (Adichunchanagiri Hospital & Research Centre) Tertiary care teaching hospital, B.G Nagara. Twelve month data of all TB patients i.e. from Sep-09 to Aug-10 that were diagnosed in the Directly Observed Treatment Short Course Centre was taken, which included 120 diagnosed patients. Out of 120 patients diagnosed, the male to female ratio was 2.5:1, and 29 were from age group of 40 to 49 years. Pulmonary TB cases were more i.e. 85 (75.83%) when compared to extra pulmonary i.e. 35 (29.17%), new smear positive cases were 62 (51.67%) and new smear negative cases were 58 (48.33%). Total 67 (55.83%) patients were categorized in CAT-I, 25 (20.83%) patients in CAT-II and 28 (23.33%) in CAT-III.The Treatment Completion Rate (TCR) and rate of cure was not known since all patients were transferred to their nearest peripheral RNTCP/DOTS Centers, and those centers failed to provide proper feedback. So, for transferred TB cases a better system of follow up should be done in order to know about the TCR and rate of cure. Key Words: RNTCP/DOTS centre, Category, Tuberculosis, TCR (Treatment Completion Rate).  

Disadvantage in presently available synthetic drugs for inflammation is that they cause gastrointestinal irritation and reappearance of symptoms after discontinuation. Need for screening and development of novel, but better anti-inflammatory drugs and indigenous medicinal plants could be a logical source to find these. Herbal therapy is used to treat a large variety of ailment and symptoms, e.g., inflammation, fever and pain; however, there are no adequate experimental evidences about their effectiveness. The purpose of this investigation was study to the anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties of stem bark extract of Haldinia cordifolia in rats. Haldinia cordifolia (rubiaceae) has been extensively used in folk medicine for the treatment of ulcers, burns, fevers, antiseptic, diarrhoea and dysentery. The ethanolic extract of dried stem bark of Haldinia cordifolia was investigated for anti-inflammatory (carragenan induced rat paw oedema) and anti-pyretic (brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia) activities. Pre treatment with the extract (200 - 400 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly prevented increase in volume of paw oedema in dose dependent manner. Its effects on antipyretic activity were also significant and reduce fever at higher doses. In conclusion, this study has established the anti-inflammatory activity and antipyretic activity of Haldinia cordifolia and thus justifies the ethnic uses of the plant. Key words: Inflammation, Pyretic, Haldinia cordifolia, Ethanol, Carrageenan, Paw oedema.

A novel, precise and selective high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the estimation of paliperidone using paracetamol as the internal standard. Separation was achieved on a LiChrospher® RP-18 HPLC column (5 μ particle size and 25 cm × 4.6 mm internal diameter) using 10 mM ammonium acetate: methanol in the ratio of 10:90 (v/v) as the mobile phase, at flow rate of 0.7 ml/min and the eluate was monitored at 277 nm. The method was validated in compliance with ICH guidelines. The correlation coefficient of the calibration graph was 0.99946±0.00037 over the concentration range 1 to 5 µg mL-1. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.569 µg mL-1 and 1 µg mL-1, respectively. Overall percentage recovery of paliperidone ranged between 98.92±0.595 to 100.30±0.693. Relative standard deviations for intra- and inter-day precision studies were

RNA interference (RNAi) is a post-transcriptional mechanism of gene silencing that involves the generation of small interfering RNA (siRNA), micro RNA (miRNA), short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules from double stranded RNA (dsRNA) that are capable of binding to host mRNA molecules and inhibiting their translation and enhancing the degradation of the mRNA, so that leads to inhibition of gene expression of defective gene by suppression of the protein synthesis. This robust silencing effect of RNAi makes it a valuable research tool both in cell culture and in living organisms, in various diseases like cancer, metabolic syndrome, viral disease (HIV-1, Hepatitis B), neural and neuromuscular diseases (Muscular dystrophy, Spinal muscular atrophy, Alzheimer disease), Poly(Q), Parkinson, Asthma and Diabetes. Although introducing siRNA into cells in vivo remains a significant obstacle, as it is imperative for siRNA to reach the cytoplasm of the targeted cells because naked RNAs cannot penetrate cellular lipid membranes by themselves to become effective and induce silencing. So to overcome this challenges of delivery viral vectors like adenovirus and lentivirus and nonviral vectors like naked RNA, lipid based delivery vectors, cell penetrating peptides, polymer, inorganic molecules, chemical conjugates. Key words: dsRNA, siRNA, miRNA, shRNA