Ravi

Nursing is a highly demanding and stressful profession that requires the ability to cope with critically ill or dying clients and medical emergencies. Nurses often encounter tough situations that demand dedication, sound academic knowledge, clinical skills, and time management to complete multiple tasks effectively. Coping strategies and resilience are essential to maintain well-being and ensure quality patient care. The objectives of present works are To assess pre-existing knowledge regarding stress management among ICU nursing officers in a selected hospital at Hassan. To evaluate the effectiveness of a self-instructional module (SIM) on stress management. To determine the association between pre-test knowledge scores and demographic variables. An interventional one-group pre-test post-test pre-experimental design was adopted. Forty participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data was collected through a structured knowledge questionnaire. The SIM was administered after the pre-test, and the post-test was conducted after 7 days. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean post-test knowledge score (72.18%) was significantly higher than the pre-test score (36%) (Paired t = 21.915, df = 39, p < 0.001). Pre-test knowledge levels were significantly associated with number of children. The study concluded that the self-instructional module was effective in improving knowledge regarding stress and its management among ICU nursing officers.

Febuxostat is a novel, potent, non-purine selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor, which in clinical trials demonstrated superior ability to lower and maintain serum urate levels below 5 mg/dL compared with conventionally used doses of allopurinol. Febuxostat was well tolerated in long term treatment in patients with hyperuricemia including those experiencing hypersensitity/intolerance to allopurinol. Dose adjustment appears unnecessary in patients with mild to moderate renal or liver insufficiency or advanced age. The most common adverse reactions reported were abnormal liver function tests, headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms, which were usually mild and transient. However, whether hepatotoxicity becomes a limitation in the use of febuxostat needs to be determined in further studies. An increased frequency of gout flares occurs for a prolonged period after treatment initiation, as with any aggressive lowering of serum urate, and prolonged prophylaxis with colchicine or NSAIDs is usually required. Febuxostat has been granted marketing authorization by the European Commission in early 2008 for the treatment of chronic hyperuricemia and gout. Febuxostat is the first major treatment alternative for gout in more than 40 years and is a promising alternative to allopurinol, although continued long-term surveillance on safety and efficacy is required.

Lornoxicam, is a widely prescribed Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug belongs to class II under BCS classification and exhibit low and variable oral bioavailability due to its poor aqueous solubility. It needs enhancement in the dissolution rate in its formulation development.  The main objective was to formulate and evaluate Lornoxicam FDT by incorporating the Lornoxicam solid dispersion to enhance dissolution rate and solubility rate with the aid of novel polymers by adopting design of experiment CCD software technology. Nine SD formulations prepared with varying concentrations of PEG 4000, Labrasol, Soluplus, Kolliphor EL, Kolliwax GMS II, HPMC, Colloidal Silicone dioxide (Aerosil 200), and PVPK25 in three different drugs : polymer : surfactant (SLS) ratios of1:1:1,1:2:1 and 1:3:1 by solvent evaporation method and were evaluated for drug content,% practical yield and dissolution rate and solubility studies. The solubility study indicates that formulation (SD9) containing drug: Soluplus (1:3) and SLS has superior solubility of 0.68±0.10µg/ml, which is 75-fold higher than pure drug. The formulations SD9 maximum percentage yield and drug content. The optimized Lornoxicam solid dispersion (SD9) was further used to prepare FDT by direct compression method using 33 Response surface method (3variables and 3 levels of super disintegrants) by using Design of experiments of tware with super disintegrants like locust bean gum, gum karaya, plantago ovate and diluents such as mannitol, Avicel PH101 and aspartame as sweating agent and aerosol as anti adherent. Total 27 Lornoxicam FDTs formulated using natural super disintegrants locust bean gum, gum karaya, plantago ovate mucilage with varying concentrations by design of experiment tool. All the formulations evaluated for various parameters such as compatibility studies, drug content, weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, disintegration time, in vitro drug release studies. The formulation LF24 showed highest drug release of 99.21±1.87 % at 10mins. LF24 was found to be optimized formulation which contains different concentrations of locust bean gum, gum karaya, plantago ovate mucilage the results were analysed by ANOVA and FTIR studies which shows no interaction between the ingredients. The % CDR of Lornoxicam FDT (LF24) was much higher than that of Lornoxicam marketed formulation. Thus, Lornoxicam FDTs using natural super disintegrants like locust bean gum, gum karaya, plantago ovate mucilage were suitable combinations for formulating Lornoxicam FDTs.

Restless legs syndrome is a nervous system disorder that causes overpowering urge to move your legs. It’s a sleep disorder it usually happens or gets worse while we are at rest. RLS is a lifelong condition with no cure, but medication can help to manage symptoms. Patients with RLS may report sensation such as almost irresistible urge to move the legs that are not painful. It generally worsens with age and disrupts sleep. RLS can lead to significant physical and emotional disability. Symptoms of RLS include unusual feeling in their legs (like itching, crawling, pulling, aching, throbbing or pins and needles.) and powerful urge to move their legs to make sensation go away. Lifestyle changes are sufficient to overcome RLS.  Mild to moderate or severe symptoms of RLS can be treated with pharmacological drugs. 1

Mouth dissolving tablet disintegrates and dissolves rapidly in the saliva, within a few seconds without the need of drinking water or chewing. A mouth dissolving tablet usually dissolves in the oral cavity within 15 seconds to 3 minutes. Almotriptan malate is an anti migraine drug with bitter taste and shows hepatic metabolism.  In the present work, Mouth dissolving tablets of almotriptan malate were prepared by direct compression method using sodium starch glycolate and croscarmellose sodium as superdisintegrant with a view to enhance patient compliance and to avoid gastric dysmotility which is common with migraine drugs and for fast action of drug. The prepared batches of tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content uniformity, wetting time, water-absorption ratio and in-vitro dispersion time. Short-term stability studies on the promising formulation indicated that there are no significant changes in drug content and disintegration time.

To method develop and validate simple, rapid, cost effective, linear, accurate, precise and economical for the simultaneous estimation of Pregabalin and Methylcobalamin in bulk and tablet dosage form by using UV-Spectrophotometry. The drug obeyed the Beer’s law and showed good correlation of concentration with absorption which reflect in linearity. The UV-Spectroscopic method was developed for estimation of Pregabalin and Methylcobalamin in bulk and tablet dosage form and also validated as per ICH guidelines. The method based on measurement of absorbance at two wavelengths 222 nm (λmax of Pregabalin) and 219 nm (λmax of Methylcobalamin) in Ethanol and distilled water. Linearity graph of Pregabalin and Methylcobalamin were found to be linear in the concentration ranges of 30-150 μg/ml and 0.6-3 μg/ml, respectively, with their correlation coefficient values (R2) 0.999. The low %RSD values indicate method to be accurate and precise. The % recovery of tablets found to be in range of 97-102% and other validation parameter were found to be within the limits as per ICH guidelines.

In this study, new Chitosan/4-Hydropxycoumarin films were prepared and characterized. The influence of 4-Hydroxycoumarin on the surface morphology, thermal behavior of the chitosan films were studied. The experimental studies showed that surface morphology becomes uniform and surface roughness increases with increasing the concentration of 4-Hydroxycoumarin in the chitosan film. The appreciable intermolecular interaction among the chitosan and 4-Hydroxycoumarin is confirmed by the FTIR study. The thermal properties of the chitosan films slightly increased with the increasing concentrations of 4-Hydroxycoumarin. Also, the presence of single glass transition temperature in all Chitosan/4-Hydroxycoumarin films suggests the components present in the film were miscible. Due to the existence of 4HC into the chitosan film, the crystalline nature and water contact angle of CS decreases for the C4HC films. It can be expected that, the best properties of Chitosan/4-Hydroxycoumarin films were recorded in the study may play a vital role in food packaging and coating applications.

Phenothiazine is an organic compound and it is related to the thiazine class of heterocyclic compounds. A novel series of Phenothiazine derivatives were prepared by the reaction of Para amino benzoic acid with 3 different substituted anilines. All the compounds were characterized by melting point, UV, TLC, IR and C,H,N elemental analysis. The synthesis of 3 derivative compounds were prepared, those are 3 derivatives of substituted phenothiazine were prepared in scheme 1 from p-chloro benzoic acid aniline derivatives. All the compounds were structurally elucidated with physical and analytical methods. All the compounds evaluated with invitro anti inflammatory activity by protein denaturation method. The synthesized derivatives were screened for invitro anti-inflammatory activity. 5C Compound showed significant effect at 200-1000 µg/ml.

The objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate herbal cough syrup. Potential anticough herbs were used for formulating herbal syrup. Decoction of plant Hyptis suaveolens, Leaves of Adulsa (Adhathoda vasika), stems of mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra), fruits of golmirch (Piper nigrum) and plant of pudina (Mentha piperita) was prepared. One part of decoction was mixed with five parts of simple syrup IP (1:5) to prepare formulation. The formulations were evaluated by morphological characters, physical parameters like PH, density, viscosity, Specific gravity, etc. Herbal syrup was also subjected for the accelerated stability testing (AST) for the period of 72hours at accelerated temperature conditions. No marked changes were noticed in all the evaluated parameters during AST. The laboratory scale preparation of herbal Syrup may be used as a stable, liquid dosage form and the work done in stability testing may help in the progress of shelf-life determination studies. The presence study includes preparation and evaluation of Hyptis suaveolens herbal syrup first time.

Candesartan cilexetil is a prodrug of candesartan – a compound that inhibits binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 – receptor.  It is mainly used in the treatment of hypertension. In the present work attempts were mase to prepare fast dissolving tablets of candesartan cilexetil by sublimation technique. The prepared formulations were evaluated for pre-compressional and post-compressional parameters. The compatibility of drug with other ingredients was checked by FTIR studies, these results revealed that there was no interaction between dug and other excipients. The values of pre-compressional parameters were within prescribed limits and indicated good free flowing properties. In all the formulations the hardness test indicates good mechanical strength. Friability of all formulations was less than 1. Drug content was found to be high (≥ 100.27%) and uniform in all the formulations. The tablet thickness was found to be 3.14 – 3.47. The weight variation results revealed that average percentage deviation was less then ± 7.5 %, which provides good uniformity in all formulations. The disintegration time of the tablets decreased significantly with increase in the concentration of subliming agent. The formulations CSC3, CSM3, CSA3, and CSU3 50 % of drug released in 1.38, 2.55, 4.00 and 3.57 min, and 90 % of drug released in 3.39, 6.04, 7.50 and 7.18 min. The formulation CS (control) released 42.16 % in 60 min. Stability study carried out as per ICH guidelines for three months and results revealed that upon storage disintegration time of tablets decreased significantly (p<0.05). The results concluded that by adopting a systemic formulation approach, an optimum point could be reached in the shortest time with minimum efforts. Sublimation technique would be an effective alternative approach compared with the use of more expensive adjuvants in the formulations of fast dissolving tablets.