Mohammed

Implementing a quality assurance (QA) program facilitate a radio diagnostic machine in acquiring sufficient radiological information of superior quality while minimizing the radiation dose administered to the subject. Integral to this program is Quality Control (QC), which ensures quality through various measurements and procedures. The main objective of this study is to assess the compliance of private dental clinics operating dental X-ray machines in Riyadh with the QC requirements. Fifteen private dental clinics in different areas in Riyadh selected and examined in the study. QC tests performed on all different X-ray machines from different manufacturers. The QC tests were kV accuracy and reproducibility, exposure time accuracy and reproducibility, and beam quality in terms of Half-Value Layer (HVL). Of the surveyed devices, two did not pass all the criteria for QC requirements. The dental X-ray machine that did not pass i.e. failed exclusively in kV accuracy but passed all the remaining QC tests. Particularly the exposure time reproducibility and Kilovoltage Accuracy. It is essential to establish a QC program in private dental clinics operating radiation-producing machines such as dental X-ray machines as it is important to ensure their compliance with the national standards for radiation safety.

As X-ray applications continue to evolve across medical disciplines, meticulous implementation of Quality Assurance (QA) protocols becomes paramount. It is the cornerstones in X-ray applications, ensuring accuracy, safety and effectiveness of diagnostic procedures. To get optimum use of medical equipment, specific performance tests must take place. The aim of this work is was to evaluate the performance of GE conventional X-ray System installed in 2007 at Radiological Science Department of King Saud University. Non-invasive auto meter used to evaluate the performance of such X-ray imaging system. The study investigates various Quality Control (QC) parameters, including milliampere-seconds (mAs) linearity, tube voltage accuracy, and exposure time reproducibility, to ensure compliance with established standards. All QC tests have done according to the intentional standard reports (AAPM No. 74) and National recommendations of King Abdullah City for Atomic & Renewable Energy. The obtained results indicate that the X-ray unit demonstrates acceptable mAs linearity, tube voltage accuracy, reproducibility and exposure time reproducibility tests and thus ensuring consistent X-ray output. All the obtained results meet the international standards. In general, the Department of Radiological Sciences adheres to strict quality control and quality assurance protocols for the department's equipment. To maintain consistency in radiation output, ensure user safety, and improve image quality in radiography. Through continuous monitoring and evaluation of equipment performance, while minimizing unnecessary radiation exposure to users.

The aim of a quality assurance (QA) program is to assist a radio-diagnostic machine to obtaining adequate radiological quality information with a minimum of dose to the subject. An integrated part of a quality assurance program is Quality Control (QC) ascertaining quality by measurements and other procedures. QC in diagnostic radiography begins with production of predictable exposures. In this study the four tests (reproducibility, accuracy of kV, half value layer (HVL) and mAs linearity) were determined by Piranha X ray meter and were carried out f­or General X-Ray machine at Olaya Medical Complex. The QC tests have been carried out according to the intentional standard reports (AAPM No. 74) and National recommendations of King Abdullah City for Atomic & Renewable Energy. Various safety measures are taken by considering work personnel's safety. Thus, some QC tests were determined using the X-ray meter. For the accomplishment of this study, the tests of tube voltage accuracy and reproducibility, HVL and effective energy, air Kerma and air Kerma rate were performed, with their associated errors calculated. The obtained results were in the acceptable limits. The survey revealed that the QC program was conducted to this X-ray machine at regular intervals. Thus the calibration accuracy results Confirm that, the X-Ray E Machine Result is Pass.

Breast tomosynthesis has become a well-established imaging technique for clinical assessment of breast cancer. This Tree-Dimensions (3D) imaging technique is one of a major recently used method for early breast cancer detection particularly for women with a dense breast. It can also aid in the clarifying of a breast cancer diagnosis, whether by initial screening or following up after a suspicious area in the breast has been found. The image of such technique must have an optimal contrast to display mass densities and speculated fibrous structures, in order to diagnose breast cancer accurately at the earliest feasible stage. Furthermore, the spatial resolution must be sufficient to reveal the size and form of micro calcifications. To improve the accuracy of imaging diagnosis system, an effective Quality Control (QC) program can be implemented to optimize the accurate diagnosis of mammographic imaging. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the QC of 3D Tomosynthesis system, including Kilo voltages peak (kVp) accuracy, mAs linearity, Half Value Layer (HVL), Automatic Exposure Control (AEC), radiation output and mean glandular dose (MGD). Image quality assessment also included to check of spatial resolution, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR). Accreditation phantoms have been used during the study. This study reveals that international standard guidelines which contain basic requirements for QC are obtained.

Steven Johnson syndrome is a severe and potentially lethal disease due to an immune-complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction involving mucous membranes and skin. Steven Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are life-threatening diseases characterized by the detachment of skin and mucous membranes. It has been a common belief that herbal drugs do not cause such as much as side effects and toxicities as pure chemicals. Recently, SJS associated with herbal medicine has been reported. This paper aims to report a case of SJS marked with skin manifestations following the use of herbal drugs for the treatment of Alcohol withdrawal and Jaundice. A 28 years male old patient was admitted with complaints of Fever, Vomiting, and Rashes over the body. The patient had received herbal drugs for the treatment of Jaundice and Alcohol dependence. Herbal medicine still plays an important role in the Indian Healthcare system as it is one of the most ancient treatment systems in the Indian Healthcare system. Further studies may require to evaluate the characteristics of the general population and to identify any predisposing factors to SJS as recommended.

A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching Hospital, to study the prevalence of superficial fungal infection and related risk factors through clinical diagnosis and to monitor the management of observed superficial fungal infections. Patients diagnosed with superficial fungal infections were selected for the study. Being familiar with the local epidemiology of fungal infections and knowledge of risk factors involved can guide use of antifungal drugs. Appropriate antifungal therapy improves outcomes. Tracking epidemiology helps to detect outbreaks and new risks. Data was collected from case sheets of the patients in a specially designed patient data collection form which include information on demographic characteristics viz. age, sex, clinical signs and symptoms, chief complaints of the patients, drugs used previously if any, drugs given etc. Data was analyzed to find out prevalence and risk factors.100 patients were included with age above 18 years, of which 46.6% were females and 53.4% were males. The most affected age group with superficial fungal infections was from 26-30 years in both males and females. Among all the causative organisms of superficial fungal infections, majority were caused by Tinea corporis (29%) followed by Tinea capitis (28%) and Tinea cruris (25%). Skin was the most affected site of superficial fungal infections followed by scalp, itching being the major symptom followed by redness at the site. In our study, farmers were the most affected socioeconomic group as the exposure of them to the causative organisms is greater.

A study was on the physical concepts ( transmission of sound waves among different parts of the body for medical diagnosis purposes )  , methods of detection two dimensional 2D commonly used  , modern methods as color Doppler ( Duplex ) , in addition new techniques that have developed and used together with the device ,  such as ( contrast medium , catheters using techniques , guidance technique for therapeutic injections and  a sample taking purposes  (Biopsies) . The research included a study of a 50 clinical cases of different parts of the body, ages, gender over two months. After cases discussion showed that the device is useful as initial step and very sensitive tool in the medical clinical field, specifically if the new techniques are applied, in turn increase the benefits of the device, get good clinical results and finally minimize the ionizing radiation exposure of the other devices.

The study of device in terms of composition and physical principles, technical such as the use of one-dimensional ultrasound. The technology currently used is two-dimensional and modern technology, such as taking samples by guidance technique .Then established a statistical comparison between two hospitals in different cities same country, in terms of the number of cases for each month from January to July 2019.Statistics were created then represented on the graph by combining Excel and Word.

The aim of this work is to develop modified drug release by using Pulsin Cap technique with Diltiazem as model drug. From the above experimental results, it can be concluded that, Formulated granules gave satisfactory results for various micromeritic properties, dissolution and drug content. Formulated Pulsin Cap gave satisfactory results for various physicochemical parameters like weight variation. HPMC, Ethyl cellulose has predominant effect on the lag time, while also shows significant effect on drug release. Diltiazem Pulsin Cap shows a delayed release pattern. Among all the Diltiazem granules formulations F5 was selected based on drug release within a given period of time. In-vitro release rate studies showed that the PF5 was optimized based on less amount of drug release during lag time. Formulations PF5 found to be stable at 40o C and 75% RH for a period of 3 months. FT-IR studies revealed that there was no interaction between Diltiazem and the polymers.

This study examines the effects of lactoferrin and black seed oil on microorganisms, as well as the extent to which they inhibit the growth of bacteria. Resistance to antibiotics has been outlined in previous research; therefore, a new strategy is required for sourcing natural biological materials for the extraction of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This new strategy should enable microbe efficacy, thus providing a new and innovative method for combatting microbes. Lactoferrin from humans and cows has undergone rigorous analysis though camel lactoferrin (CLF), but this analysis has also gone largely underreported. The current research study addresses CLF by evaluating its mechanisms of antimicrobial activity. This activity was observed in the contexts of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus pyogenes and Candida albicans. The primary research aim of this study is to determine the mechanisms and properties of lactoferrin and black seed oil in the contexts of the five bacteria groups mentioned above. The materials used in the analysis included ethanol, sabouraud dextrose, agar, nutrient agar and filter paper discs (which were used for the AMP agent in sterile conditions—the disc diffusion method). AMPs, native and mutant (camel) lactoferrin peptides, nigella sative (NS) oil and Nigella sativa oil (black seeds) were also used. The microorganisms were synthesized from the lab. It has been found that lactoferrin is effective in bacterial applications. Gram-positive bacteria has also been found to be more efficient when the synergistic action of camel lactoferrin (SAoCL) mutant peptide is used with NS oil. This study shows that lactoferrin has promising results in the binding of iron in microbe growth prevention. Additionally, observations of SAoCL, the mutant peptide, show that SAoCL, alongside NS oil, hinders the further development of bacteria.