Santosh

In the pharmaceutical industry an impurity is considered, defined the any other organic material besides the drug substance or pharmaceutical ingredients.  The impurity may be formed during the formulation or upon aging of two APIs in medicines. Stability testing is an integral part of pharmaceutical development. The primary purpose of stability testing is to provide supporting evidence on stability behavior of pharmaceutical drug products. Stability is the capacity of a drug product to remain within specifications established to ensure its identity, strength, quality and purity.

Parenteral delivery provides rapid onset even for the drug with narrow therapeutic window, but to maintain the systemic drug level repeated installation are required which cause the discomfort. Therefore, a delivery system that combines the simplicity and reliability of solid implant devices along with convenience and ease of administration on of micro-particles are desired. In situ gel forming system represents a desired alternate. The atrigel system is a proprietary delivery system that can be used for both parenteral and site specific drug delivery. it consist of biodegradable polymers dissolved in a biocompatible carriers when the liquid polymer system is placed in the body using standard needles and syringes, it solidifies upon contact with aqueous body fluids to form a solid implant. There are some advantages of these system are compatibility with a broad range of pharmaceutical compound, less invasive technique, direct delivery to a target area, protection of drug, sustained drug release, few type of atrigel are surgical implants, microspheres, liposomes and injectable gels.

Natural materials used to close wounds include flax, hair, grass, cotton, silk, pig bristles, and animal gut. Agaves were the source of many essential items due to its high tensile strength. Agave fibers were investigated for it’s potential use to close the topical incisions in rat. Sutures were developed i.e. Agave suture from the isolated fibers of Agave americana L. var. americana (Agavaceae) plant and were coated with the ethanolic extract of Aloe vera. These were evaluated for Physical properties which proved good tensile strength, handling properties, low tissue drag, acceptable knot security, low microbial infiltration, toxicity and faster incision wound healing in rats compared to commonly utilized surgical sutures from market. Wound healing was evaluated by observing pus formation, inflammation, incision wound closure period, tensile strength measurement and histo-pathological evaluation of healed wound tissue. All the mentioned tensile strength tests were performed by a tensile strength testing apparatus, especially designed and constructed for our purpose. According to findings Agave suture shown acceptable results and hence for can be considered for further research and utilization.

In the pharmaceutical industry an impurity is considered, defined the any other organic material besides the drug substance or pharmaceutical ingredients.  The impurity may be formed during the formulation or upon aging of two APIs in medicines. The highly sophisticated instrumentation, such as mass spectra meters attached to the gas chromatography or HPLC in various matrices. GC is the most useful technique for identification of residual solvent. The advent of hyphenated technique has revolution any impurity profiling, by not only separation but structural identification of impurities as well among all techniques. The most exploited techniques for impurities profiling of drug are LC-MS-MS, LC-NMR, LC-NMR-MS, GC-MS AND LC-MS.

The present study was aimed to evaluate the wound healing activity of extract of seeds of Swietenia macrophylla. It is well-known plant in Asian traditional medicines. On the basis of traditional use and literature references, this plant was selected for wound healing potential. The ethanolic extract of seeds of Swietenia macrophylla was examined for wound healing activity in the form of ointment in the excision wound model using Albino rats. The extract ointments showed efficient response in the excision wound model as comparable to the group treated with standard drug Betadine ointment and control group in terms of wound contracting ability, wound closure time and epitheliallization period. Histological analysis was also consistent with the proposal that Swietenia macrophylla seed extract exhibits significant wound healing. Swietenia macrophyllan was found to possess significant wound healing property. This was evident by decrease in wound closure (P

The purpose of this article brings out the fabrication and recent clinical research in osmotic drug delivery system. The technology of osmotic drug delivery system need to be modified for the conventionally control over their release and almost control the safe and effective concentration in the targeted sites. The certain phenomenon of molecule may have low bioavailability hence to be improve by the fabrication osmotic drug delivery system is most promising system for controlled drug delivery system. The pump and technique most is used to developed the research point of view. The number of marketed oral osmotically driven system (OCDDS) has doubled in the last 11 years. The osmotic pressure utilized for osmotic drug delivery system (OCDDS).

Lyophilization is promising approach to increase the shelf life of liposome. The major limitation in the widespread use of liposome is its instability. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lyophilization either in the presence or in the absence of lyoprotectant on liposome properties Lyophilization is used to ensure an increased shelf life of liposomes by preserving them in dry state more stable than the aqueous dispersion. When stored as aqueous system the encapsulated drugs are released & the liposome might aggregate or fuse. The process of lyophilization without cryoprotectant resulted in particle size increased & significant content leakage. This review work suggests that the investigation of stability of lyophilized liposomes containing PC (Phosphatidyl Choline) & cholesterol. Liposomes sphere-shaped vesicles consisting of one or more phospholipids bilayer in which both hydrophilic & hydrophobic drug entity can be incorporated. Due to their size & hydrophobic & hydrophilic character liposomes are promising for drug delivery. This structure turns liposomes into ideal drug carriers, since hydrophilic drugs tend to entrapped in the core; while hydrophobic ones will be entrapped within the lipid bilayers. Liposome is one of the most successful drug delivery system applying nanotechnology to potentiate the therapeutic efficacy & reduce toxicities of conventional medicines. The encapsulation efficiency partially depends upon the logP of drug. Lyophilization is a strategy often employed to improve liposomal formulation stability, due to reactivity being far less pronounced in the solid versus aqueous state.

Liposome proved themselves as a promising novel delivery vehicle of drugs to the skin, is a topic of considerable current interest. Liposomes are acceptable and superior carriers having ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs and protect them from degradation. Liposomes are result of self-assembly of phospholipid in an aqueous media resulting in closed bilayer structures. Liposomes are one of unique drug delivery system which can be used in controlling and targeting drug delivery system. Liposomes are generally classified based upon structure, method of preparation, composition and application, conventional liposome, and specialty liposome. Different marketed formulations are available in market for liposomes. The liposomes have many applications which increase its importance over other formulations. The entrapped compound’s solubility and partitioning characteristics will determine its location in the liposomal bilayer .It also has affinity to keratin of horny layer of skin and can penetrate deeper into skin hence give better absorption. But they may also have the property into the skin, carrying actives to the target site, where these molecules will be released. Reformulation of drugs in liposomes has provided an opportunity to enhance the therapeutic indices of various agents. This review discusses the potential advantages in topical drug delivery, basic structure characteristics and mechanism of action of liposomes and evaluation parameter for liposome formulation.

Liposome are the concentric bilayer means core of center in which aqueous volume entirely envelope by the phospholipids bilayer used to transfer enzymes, protein and drugs to targets cancer cell or tissue. These are chemical moieties in which action towards target organ. It was first discovered by 1965 and soon was proposed drug delivery system. There are numerous application like anti fungal, anti cancer, anti inflammatory and anesthetic drugs. The magic bullet concept of Paul Ehrlich through very late, offers a logical solution to the age old problem unrelated and unwanted effect of therapeutic agent and optimizing the drug therapy in its true sense. Drugs would be targeted by virtue of groups having affinity for specific cells, tissues or organs. Liposome having also its modifications or upgraded versions likes enzymosomes, hemosomes, virosomes, and erythrosomes. Liposome has emerged as a dynamic mode for targeted drug delivery. Ligands confer specificity on a non specific reagent. Although controlled and sustained drug delivery can be considered as the magic bullet concept. We can look forward to many more clinical products in the future.

“Othalanga” is a poisonous fruit of a herb (Cerbera odollum) grown widely in marsh and swamp area. In Alappuzha district of our country several die every year by consuming this, either accidently or with the purpose of suicide or homicide. Modern medicine has no antidote or any treatment for this, due to unawareness of this poison. An elaborate study on the details of “Cerbera odollum” and effective treatment for this poisoning is essential and solicited.