Phytochemistry

Methanolic, Chloroform and Benzene  extract of the leaves of  Malachra Capitata was screened for its phytochemical and antibacterial properties on E. coli and Listeria monocytogenes at varying concentrations. The Agar gel diffusion method was used to assay for the antibacterial properties on the test isolate. The results showed that the methanolic  extracts at different concentrations inhibited the growth of E. coli and L monocytogenes. The concentration of 50mg/ml inhibited the isolate with highest diameter zone of inhibition ranging from 1mm to 11mm. The extracts inhibited the growth of the bacterial isolate in a concentration dependent manner with MICs 10mg/ml. Phytochemical analysis of the leaf extracts revealed the presence of antimicrobial active agents such as alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Flavonoids and saponin. These established a good support to the use of this plant in herbal medicine and as base for the development of new drugs and phytomedicine.

This paper reviews the traditional, clinical potential, ethnopharmacology, phytoconstituent studies and safety profile of Prickly Amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus Linn.) with a view to explore the potentiality of the plant and proclaim it to the nature product researchers throughout the world. Phytochemical investigations prove its importance as valuable medicinal plant. It is known as a rich source of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic acids, steroids, amino acids, terpenoids, lipids, saponin, betalain, b-sitosterol, stigmasterol, linoleic acid, rutin, catechuic tannins and carotenoids. Various researchers have carried out wide spectrum studies on its pharmacological actions and preliminary work has been reported on antidiabetic, antitumour, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, bronchodilator, hepato-protective, antifertility, antimalarial, antioxidant properties etc. Hence Prickly Amaranth holds a great potential for in depth biological evaluation.

Ayurveda, being as ancient system of medicine, which comprises hundreds of Kalpanas of pharmaceutical preparations but only few of these Kalpanas are in practice. In this modern era many good preparations have been extinguished in the passage of time among these, Varti Kalpana is main one. Now-a-days, when human life is very fast, we should be ready to make necessary changes in our science according to the need of hour. In present study Nimbadi Yonivarti is selected for the management of Swetapradara which has been mentioned as Anubhuta Yoga by Vd. Devisharan Garga Ayurveda Upadhyaya in “Nari Roganak. The present study was aimed at setting up a standard profile of Nimbadi Yonivarti which was prepared using pharmacognostically authenticated raw drugs followed by subjecting it to detailed pharmacognostical, physicochemical and phytochemical (including Thin Layer Chromatography) analysis as per standard protocol. The observations were systematically recorded. Pharmacognostical findings (crystals, epicarp cells, trichom, etc.) confirm the ingredients present in the finished product. Identified phytochemical components (Carbohydrates, tannins, fanolic compound, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids.etc.) support the intended action of the formulation in vaginal discharge.

ABSTARCT Allium hookeri Roxb.isan ethnic medicinal food plant used among Adi tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Allium hookeri has been pharmacognostically discoursed in addition to phytochemical composition and proximate studies. This work also reports fifteen biologically active compounds from this medicinal food plant. Minerals and proximate composition of this plant is reported to be adequate for human consumption. Keywords: Phytochemistry, Proximate, Minerals, Medicinal plant, Ethnic food.

The different solvent extracts of Scleroderma bermudense belongs to the family Sclerodermataceae collected from semi evergreen forest region (13˚51'56.30"N, 75˚03'12.50"E) which is located in Haniya, Hosanagar taluk, Shimoga district, Karnataka was subjected to phytochemical analysis for secondary metabolites and antifungal screening by agar well diffusion method against plant and human pathogenic fungi viz., A. alternate, A. flavus, A. solani, A. tomentosa, C. capsici, C. dematium, C. lindemuthianum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, M. gypseum, T. equinum, T. kanei, C. albicans, C. indicum, C. krusei, C. merdarium, C. zonatum, E. floccosum and T. rubrum. Extracts were found to contain steroids, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. The extract also showed significant antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. indicum, C. merdarium, F. oxysporum, C. dematium, T. equinum, A. flavus C. capsici, F. solani, C. kruesi and C. lindemuthianum, whereas least activity showed against A. solani, M. gypseum and does not showed inhibition zone against A. alternate, A. tomentosa. T. kanei, C. zonatum, E. floccosum and T. rubrum. However, the activity was less than the standard Clotrimazole, Fleuconazole, Mancozeb and Captan. The extract shows increasing inhibitory activity with increase in concentration (12.5%-100%).While comparing the solvent studied, petroleum ether and methanol extracts showed highest response in resisting microbial growth than chloroform.

The present report deals with the study of phytochemicals present in Padina tetrastromatica Hauck collected from the south east coast of Tamil Nadu, India. The phytochemicals of different extracts was analyzed by the standard procedure for UV-Vis spectroscopic and HPLC. The UV-Vis phytochemical profile of different extracts of Padina tetrastromatica Hauck was predicted. The qualitative HPLC fingerprint profile of methanol extract of Padina tetrastromatica Hauck was chosen at a wavelength of 660 nm due to sharpness of the peaks and suitable baseline. The profile showed one prominent peak at a retention time of 1.500 min and seven moderate peaks were also noted at the retention times of 2.220, 2.400, 2.500, 2.800, 3.000, 3.300 and 6.300 min respectively. The present study on Padina tetrastromatica Hauck fashioned a novel phytochemical marker in standardization of the quality of the drug used for medicine.

Abutilon indicum is known as “Atibala” in Sanskrit. Literally “Ati” means very and “Bala” means powerful, referring to the properties of this plant as very powerful. Abutilon indicum is a hairy herb or under shrub distributed throughout the tropica. In traditional systems of medicine, various plant parts such as roots, leaves, flowers, bark, seeds, and stems have been used as antioxidant, demulcent, laxative, diuretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antiulcer agents. The leaves are reported to be used by traditional practitioners in cases of inflammatory joint disorders as folklore remedy. Psychosomatic medicinal use related to scorpion bite treatment is also reported in India. Plants are rich source of secondary metabolites with interesting biological activities. In general these secondary metabolites are an important source with a variety of structural arrangements and properties. It contributes the beneficial effect on health or plays an active role in interest in bioactive secondary metabolites of plant amelioration of disease. The medicinal properties of the plants have been investigated in the recent scientific developments throughout the world, due to their potential antioxidant activity, no side effects and economic viability. Antioxidant property of the plant is mainly due to the presence of phenolic compounds. The importance of medicinal plants and the contribution of phytomedicine to the well- being of a significant number of the world’s population have attracted interest from a variety of disciplines. The present review is therefore an effort to give the detailed survey of literature on its Pharamacognosy, phytochemistry as well as traditional and pharmacological uses. 

The present study was aimed to explore the phytochemical constituents present in Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J.Ag. collected from the south east coast of Tamil Nadu, India. The phytochemical screening of different extracts was estimated using the standard procedure for UV-Vis spectroscopic and HPLC. The UV-Vis phytochemical profile of various extracts of Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J.Ag. was analyzed. The qualitative HPLC fingerprint profile of methanol extract of Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J.Ag. was selected at a wavelength of 254 nm due to sharpness of the peaks and proper baseline. The profile displayed one prominent peak at a retention time of 1.953 min and some moderate peaks were observed at a retention time of 3.000, 2.570 and 2.467 min respectively. The present study on Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J.Ag. produced novel phytochemical markers in standardization as useful analytical tools to check not only the quality of the powder but also the presence of adulterants in ayurvedic drugs.