Antifungal activity

In this study, in vitro antimicrobial activity of Polyherbal cream comprising of various plant herb extracts of leaves viz. Aloe barbadensis, Calendula officinalis, Lawsonia inermis, Carica Papaya and Azadirachta indica along with tridax procumbens as a key Plant was evaluated. Polyherbal formulations (F1 & F2) were designed and developed as ointment based semisolid cream. Disc diffusion method and agar well diffusion method were used for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal screening for both the formulations. Zone of inhibition were observed as a measure of investigation. The Formulation-1 (F1) showed efficient zone of inhibition at concentration of 4% than the formulation-2 (F2) at lower concentration 2% of tridax procumbens. In antifungal screening, the compound showed significant zones of inhibition against tested fungi.

Nature has been source of medicinal plants from thousands of years. In traditional medicine practice, the leaf of Dolicus lablab, commonly known as ‘hyacinth bean’ is said to have a significant medicinal value. In Ancient Arab medical practice the leaf of Dolicus lablab were said to be used in treatment of infections. Hence our present study aimed to test both anti bacterial and antifungal activities of methanol, ethanol, aqueous extracts of Dolicus lablab against three strains of fungi (Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Candida albicans.) and four strains of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus  epidermidis) using agar well diffusion method. Among the three extracts, methanolic extract showed very potential antifungal and antibacterial activity ,with a highest zone of inhibition against fungi, T. mentagrophytes (30mm) and two Gram(-) bacteria, E. coli, P. aureginosa, with a Zone of inhibition at a range 15-19mm and 8-11mm.

Some new 3-chloro-(4-substituted aryl)-1-(8-methoxy-[1,3,4]thiadiazino[6,5-b]indol-3-yl)azetidinones (4a-4g) have been synthesized from N-(substituted benzylidene)-8-methoxy-[1,3,4]thiadiazino[6,5-b]indol-3-amine (3a-3g). These newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental (C, H, N) and spectral (IR, 1HNMR mass) analysis. Compounds 3a-3g and compounds 4a-4g of the present series have screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Compounds 4f and 4g were found to be the most potent members of the present series; they showed maximum antibacterial and antifungal properties much better than the standard drug. In this series Chloroamphenicol was used as standard drug for antibacterial activity and Fluconazole was used as standard drug for antifungal activity.

The bacterial and fungal inhibitory efficiency of the Argemone mexicana Linn. (Papaveraceae) and Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. Ex. Schult. (Amaranthaceae) were evaluated against bacterial species like Staphylococus aureus, Streptococcus pyrogens, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli and two fungal species such as Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum. The susceptibility of the microorganism to the extracts of these plants was compared with each other and with selected antibiotics. All these plants were effective against three of the pathogenic microorganisms. This in vitro study corroborated the antimicrobial activity of the selected plants used in folklore medicine. Key words: Antibacterial activity, Antifungal activity, Disc diffusion method, Well diffusion method.

The different solvent extracts of Scleroderma bermudense belongs to the family Sclerodermataceae collected from semi evergreen forest region (13˚51'56.30"N, 75˚03'12.50"E) which is located in Haniya, Hosanagar taluk, Shimoga district, Karnataka was subjected to phytochemical analysis for secondary metabolites and antifungal screening by agar well diffusion method against plant and human pathogenic fungi viz., A. alternate, A. flavus, A. solani, A. tomentosa, C. capsici, C. dematium, C. lindemuthianum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, M. gypseum, T. equinum, T. kanei, C. albicans, C. indicum, C. krusei, C. merdarium, C. zonatum, E. floccosum and T. rubrum. Extracts were found to contain steroids, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. The extract also showed significant antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. indicum, C. merdarium, F. oxysporum, C. dematium, T. equinum, A. flavus C. capsici, F. solani, C. kruesi and C. lindemuthianum, whereas least activity showed against A. solani, M. gypseum and does not showed inhibition zone against A. alternate, A. tomentosa. T. kanei, C. zonatum, E. floccosum and T. rubrum. However, the activity was less than the standard Clotrimazole, Fleuconazole, Mancozeb and Captan. The extract shows increasing inhibitory activity with increase in concentration (12.5%-100%).While comparing the solvent studied, petroleum ether and methanol extracts showed highest response in resisting microbial growth than chloroform.

A series of [Alkyl or un/substituted phenyl]-2-(3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]thiazin-2-yl)acetamide were designed and synthesized. In vitro antifungal activity assay indicates that the 1,4-Benzothiazine has good antifungal activity against most of the tested pathogenic fungi i. e. Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum and Malassazia furfur. Some few compounds such as BTA-43 and BTA-56 have significant antifungal activity and broader spectrum, which are promising leads for the development of novel antifungal agents. The structures of the synthesized compounds were established on the basis of IR, NMR, 13CNMR and Mass spectra data.

Grewia asiatica Linn. belonging to family Tiliaceae is commonly known as Phalsa found through out India. It is an important medicinal plant used in inflammation, diabetes, fever, blood disorders, cooling agent, astringent, postural eruption etc. As a herb it is used widely in the Indian traditional system, it was thought worthwhile to undertake the standardization of its aerial parts. Evaluation of the leaves were carried out to determine the effect of various drug extract on number of microbial and fungal strain. Leaves exhibited moderate to significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against all the tested bacterial strains. The chloroform extract exhibited moderate antibacterial and antifungal activity. The petroleum ether extract was devoid of any antibacterial and antifungal activity. While mentioned all the organisms are susceptible to alcoholic as well as  aqueous extracts.

QSAR analysis on a set of heterocyclic derivatives for antifungal activity was performed by using multiple regression procedure. The activity contribution of these compounds was determined from regression equation and the validation procedure to analyze the predictive ability of QSAR model was described. High agreement between experimental and predicted inhibitory values was obtained. The results of this study indicate that the parameter has a significant effect on antifungal activity of this class of compounds, thus simplifying design of new biologically active molecules.