Pathogens

The different solvent extracts of Scleroderma bermudense belongs to the family Sclerodermataceae collected from semi evergreen forest region (13˚51'56.30"N, 75˚03'12.50"E) which is located in Haniya, Hosanagar taluk, Shimoga district, Karnataka was subjected to phytochemical analysis for secondary metabolites and antifungal screening by agar well diffusion method against plant and human pathogenic fungi viz., A. alternate, A. flavus, A. solani, A. tomentosa, C. capsici, C. dematium, C. lindemuthianum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, M. gypseum, T. equinum, T. kanei, C. albicans, C. indicum, C. krusei, C. merdarium, C. zonatum, E. floccosum and T. rubrum. Extracts were found to contain steroids, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. The extract also showed significant antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. indicum, C. merdarium, F. oxysporum, C. dematium, T. equinum, A. flavus C. capsici, F. solani, C. kruesi and C. lindemuthianum, whereas least activity showed against A. solani, M. gypseum and does not showed inhibition zone against A. alternate, A. tomentosa. T. kanei, C. zonatum, E. floccosum and T. rubrum. However, the activity was less than the standard Clotrimazole, Fleuconazole, Mancozeb and Captan. The extract shows increasing inhibitory activity with increase in concentration (12.5%-100%).While comparing the solvent studied, petroleum ether and methanol extracts showed highest response in resisting microbial growth than chloroform.

  The main aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity and resistance pattern of Urinary tract pathogens. Knowledge of sensitivity and resistance pattern of uropathogens in geographical locations is an important factor for choosing suitable antibacterial treatment. Patient information was obtained from medical record files. A total of 146 samples were analyzed. The organisms were isolated as the causative factors. E.coli (57.46%) Klebsiella (23.13%) and Staphylococcus (20.89%). Analysis of the samples showed that UTI was more common in females of younger age group as compared to males. The most common organism to cause UTI was found to be E.coli followed by Klebsiella. E.coli was found to be sensitive to Furazolidone (52%) and Nitrofurantoin (52%). Similarly Klebsiella to Furazolidone and Nitrofurantoin and Staphylococcus to Nitrofurantoin and Amikacin.   Key words: Urinary tract, Pathogens, Ueopathogen, E.coli