E.coli

The present study was carried out for screening of preliminary phyto-chemical constituents and anti-microbial activity of ethanolic extract of ASCLEPIAS CURASSAVICA. The dried extract obtained by soxhlet extraction was subjected to qualitative phyto-chemical screening for the identification. The anti-microbial activity of A.curassavica flower & plant extract by agar well diffusion method. Our study reveals that B.subtilis & E.coli showed good inhibitory zone in ethanol solvent extract

Methanolic, Chloroform and Benzene  extract of the leaves of  Malachra Capitata was screened for its phytochemical and antibacterial properties on E. coli and Listeria monocytogenes at varying concentrations. The Agar gel diffusion method was used to assay for the antibacterial properties on the test isolate. The results showed that the methanolic  extracts at different concentrations inhibited the growth of E. coli and L monocytogenes. The concentration of 50mg/ml inhibited the isolate with highest diameter zone of inhibition ranging from 1mm to 11mm. The extracts inhibited the growth of the bacterial isolate in a concentration dependent manner with MICs 10mg/ml. Phytochemical analysis of the leaf extracts revealed the presence of antimicrobial active agents such as alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Flavonoids and saponin. These established a good support to the use of this plant in herbal medicine and as base for the development of new drugs and phytomedicine.

This study investigate uropathogenic species isolation and characterization in the population of Mansehra. The different physical chemical and microscopic properties of urine samples were examined. Isolated uropathogen organism were selected for antibiotic suceptibility and resistance pattren. Thirty seven clinics were visited to collect the data regarding the UTI patients among these nine Bacterial species were isolated from 32 urine samples which included bacterial species Escherichia coli, Enterrobacter spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. Different biochemicals tests were used for identification. The confirmed isolated bacteria were also tested against selected antibiotics for sensitivity and resistant strains. The result of present investigation revealed that UTI is most common infection among local population of Mansehra. The efficacy of antibiotics calculated and found that Ciprofloxacine, Chloramphenicol, Norfloxacine were sensitive against all isolated bacteria while Cefixime, Cefipime, Linkomycine, Sulfamethaxazole trimethoprim and Nitrofurantion  were resistant while Tobramycine and  Pipperacilline Tazobactum were intermediate. The efficacy of some antibiotics is also questionable because the efficacy of these antibiotics were found resistant and it was also found that common strains  of UTI causing Bacteria were resistant against prescribed antibiotics in District Mansehra.

An organism is called “susceptible” to a drug when the infection caused by it is likely to act in response to treatment with this drug, at the suggested dosage. There are many bacterial species, including E.coli are showing an increasing resistance to antibiotics and E.coli is an important pathogen of urinary tract. The growing Prevelance of antimicrobial resistance is a most important health problem and is linked with high morbidity and mortality. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of gram negative was observed towards Nitrofurantoin (55.38%) followed by Cotrimaxazole (22.96%), amikacin (25.93) and Ceftriaxone (12.85%) in case of E.coli and Klebsiella. Enterococcus shown maximum sensitivity to linezolid (89.11%) followed by Nitrofurantoin (51.69%), but ofloxicin (9.7%), Imipenem (9.41%) and Amikacin shown very low sensivity. So, the decision on selection of antibiotic therapy should be made in discussion with microbiologist and pharmacist.

A clinical bacterial isolate from a patient urine sample in Kasr El-Aini was identified by biochemical and molecular means to be E. coli . This isolate was optimized for production of L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amidohydrolase), a relatively widespread enzyme found in bacteria, eukaryote and mammals but not man. This enzyme catalyzes the deamidation of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia. The production of L-asparaginase was achieved through optimization of fermentation parameters and it showed 6.05 IU of enzyme activity. The produced L-asparaginase was then purified by means of chromatography techniques and tested against three different cell lines for its anticancerous activity, human colon cancer CACO-2, Human breast Cancer MCF-7 and Human cancer prostate PC-3. The expression for the regulatory genes BAX, P53 and BCL2, was analyzed by RT-PCR and it was clear that L-Asparaginase enzyme shows anticancer activity against (MCF-7) and (PC-3), where it was non-effective to the cell line (CACO-2). It was also noticed that BAX and P53 genes were upregulated under the effect of Asparaginase enzyme and that BcL2 gene was down-regulated in Human Breast and prostate Cancer cell line while Human colon cell line was not.

L-asparaginase is an anticancer agent, especially for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nine E.coli strains were screened forits ability to produce an extracellular L-asparaginase enzyme. The optimum culture conditions for L-asparaginase production was found at pH 8.0, Incubation time 48 h, and 37oC temperature. Highest yields of L-asparaginase(140.5 and 96.4 IU/ml) by E.coli strains using glucose and beef extract as sole carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. 0.6 fold of higher L-asparaginase activity (168.4 IU/ml) was recorded using pUC18 UV60 than the parent strain. 0.54 fold increased L-asparaginase activity (220.6 IU/ml)was observed using pUC18 NTG90.The molecular mass of L-asparaginase was determined by SDS-PAGE and it was found to be 29KDa.   

  The main aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity and resistance pattern of Urinary tract pathogens. Knowledge of sensitivity and resistance pattern of uropathogens in geographical locations is an important factor for choosing suitable antibacterial treatment. Patient information was obtained from medical record files. A total of 146 samples were analyzed. The organisms were isolated as the causative factors. E.coli (57.46%) Klebsiella (23.13%) and Staphylococcus (20.89%). Analysis of the samples showed that UTI was more common in females of younger age group as compared to males. The most common organism to cause UTI was found to be E.coli followed by Klebsiella. E.coli was found to be sensitive to Furazolidone (52%) and Nitrofurantoin (52%). Similarly Klebsiella to Furazolidone and Nitrofurantoin and Staphylococcus to Nitrofurantoin and Amikacin.   Key words: Urinary tract, Pathogens, Ueopathogen, E.coli