Yogesh

Herbal medicinal plants are the gift of nature to the human beings. The present review is an effort to give a detail literature survey and discovering the hidden Marvels of Commiphora wightii also its remarkable health benefits in human beings. Worldwide Commiphora wightii is also known as Guggul is known for its anti-inflammatory property. Along with these it has many pharmacological activities like in the treatment of Rhematoid arthritis, fibrinolysis, weight management, Cardioprotective action, thyroid function regulation, antioxidant support and in metastatis Inhibition. It contains various chemical constituents like guggulsterones, guggulipid, commiphoric acid, Monoterpenoids, guggultetrols, Steroids, flavonoids, diterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, triterpenes, lignans and various amino acids which contribute to various therapeutic property.

Blumea lacera of family Asteraceae is a common Rabi weed all over India. Its annual herb is with the strong odor of turpentine. This plant is commonly known as Buradi in India. Indoginously in Indian system of traditional medicine it is Aromatic, astringent, Stomachic, Anti-Spasmodic and Diuretic. It is useful in treatment of Fever, Burning, Wound Healing, Abdominal disorder, inflammation. It also advised in dysentery and in vaginal bleeding. The present research has been undertaken with the aim to formulate and evaluate herbal ointment because synthetic may cause the adverse effect on skin. The herbal ointment was formulated by extracting Blumea lacera (brum.f.)DC.

Mebendazole is a poorly soluble, highly permeable drug and the rate of its oral absorption is often controlled by the dissolution rate in the gastrointestinal. The poor dissolution rate of water-insoluble drugs is still a major problem confronting the pharmaceutical industry. There are several techniques to enhance the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs. Among them, the technique of Liquisolid compacts is a promising technique towards such a novel aim. In this study, the dissolution behaviour of mebendazole from liquisolid compacts was investigated in 0.1 N HCl. Liquisolid compacts were prepared by using PEG 400 as the liquid vehicle or non-volatile solvent. Avicel PH 102 as absorbing carrier and Aerosil 200 as adsorbing coating material. The ratio of carrier to coating powder material were kept different in formulations. The prepared liquisolid compacts were evaluated for their micromeritic properties and possible excipients interactions. The tableting properties were falling within acceptable limits. The in vitro dissolution study confirmed increase in drug release from liquisolid compacts compared to marketed preparation. This was due to an increase in wetting properties and surface of drug available for dissolution.

The present study was aimed to formulate Solid lipid nanoparticles loaded thermo-reversible nasal In-situ gel containing Hibiscus Rosa sinensis extract by cold technique to impart better anti-depressant activity. It can improve the penetration of drug to CNS and shows faster pharmacological action. Thermo- reversible nasal In-situ gel were prepared by Poloxamer188 (PluronicF68) with mucoadhesive polymer polymers Carbopol 940. Nasal drug delivery systems are better imparts the Anti-depressant activity. The pH of the formulations was found to be within the range of 6.4 to 7.4. Viscosity of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded thermo- reversible nasal in-situ gel was found to be (212 cps to 409.6) for the sol, where as for the gels it was upto (38969 cps). The Spreadability SLN loaded In-situ nasal gel was found to be 25.19 (gm.cm/sec).The optimized formulation showed a drug release of 72.17% in 5hrs.

In present study long-acting biodegradable Nateglinide loaded Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticleformulation is reported for treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).Different formulations were prepared by varying drug: polymer ratio (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) and polyvinyl alcohol as stabilizer in 0.5-1.5% concentration range by emulsificationsolventevaporation technique. Optimization was carried out by evaluating entrapment efficiency and particle size. Optimized formulation was characterized for in vitro drug release, surface charge property, SEM, chemical incompatibility and invivo evaluated for blood glucose lowering property in rat model. The obtained resultsindicatethat formulation composition containing drug:polymer ratio 1:3 and stabilizer concentration 1.5%  gives high encapsulation efficiency (82.15%) with mean particle diameter of 216 nm and drug release for 72h. Drug release data was best fitted to Higuchi model indicating drug release was mainly took place by diffusion mechanism. Oraladministrationof optimized nanoparticle formulation showed two fold better activity as compared to standardNateglinide formulation(P

The stratum corneum of the skin or the sclera/cornea of the eye, the outermost layer of the skin and others has the principal barrier to topically-applied medications. Thus, many therapeutic agents are limited by their inability to reach the systemic circulation. Transdermal delivery of hydrophilic drugs and macromolecular agents of interest is problematic. Therefore, facilitation of drug penetration through this barrier may involve by-pass or reversible disruption of molecular architecture. Microneedles, when used to puncture skin, will by-pass the barrier and create transient aqueous transport pathways of micron dimensions and enhance the transdermal permeability. These micropores are orders of magnitude larger than molecular dimensions, and, therefore, should readily permit the transport of hydrophilic macromolecules. This microneedle based drug delivery system will useful for the eye treatments by avoiding drawbacks of topical administration of drug, multiple drug treatment and other dosage form intended in the eye. This review gives the details of history, various types of microneedles, drug delivery, fabrication methods, manufacturing, evaluation and, importantly, investigations of clinical safety of microneedles.

Mucuna pruriens commonly known as cowhage plant has been claimed to possess various beneficial effects like anti-parkinsonian, anti-tumor, neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-diabetic and antidepressant activities. Previous studies have reported that Mucuna pruriens contains L-DOPA and 5-hydroxy tryptophan (5-HT) as a major constituent with higher concentration in seeds. However, literature search revealed no scientific data on its anxiolytic activity. So the present study was designed to evaluate the anxiolytic activity of Mucuna pruriens in a murine model. Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups (n=6). Mucuna pruriens administered at doses of 250,500,750mg/kg/day orally, was compared with the standard drug Diazepam (1.0mg/kg/day, oral) fed for 14 days. Three pharmacologically validated models elevated plus maze, bright and dark arena and open field test were used. The data presented was analyzed using one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test. A value of p

Immunomodulators are natural or synthetic substances that help in regulation or normalize or modify the immunity of an individual to favor a particular immunological response. Immunomodulator corrects immune systems that are out of balance. Natural immunomodulators are less potent than prescription immunomodulators. Synthetic immunomodulators medications, work by suppressing immune system and decreasing inflammation in the digestive tract in people with inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis etc. The benefits of immunomodulators are from their ability to stimulate natural and adaptive defense mechanisms, such as cytokines, which enables the body to help itself. Two types of immunomodulators: Immunosuppressants; agents which suppress immune system and used for the control of pathological immune response in autoimmune disease and Immunostimulants; agents which used to enhance body's resistance against infections. A large number of disorders such as immunodeficiency state, autoimmune disease, cancer and viral infection can be treated with immunostimulants drugs.

Nanotechnology can be defined as the manipulation, precision-placement, modeling and manufacture of material at the nanometer scale. The purpose of this review is to discuss the impact of nanotechnology in the treatment of the major health threats including cancer, infectious diseases, metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and inflammations. Indeed, during the past 37 years, the explosive growth of nanotechnology has burst into challenging innovations in pharmacology. Although the introduction of nanotechnology obviously permitted to step over numerous milestones toward the development of the magic bullet proposed a century ago by the immunologist Paul Ehrlich. Cancer cells have unique properties that can be exploited by nanoparticles. They can be used very effectively for drug delivery. Normally, drugs work through the entire body before they reach the disease-affected area. Using nanotechnology, the drug can be targeted to a precise location which would make the drug much more effective and reduce the chances of possible side-effects. A great advantage of using nanotechnology for drug delivery is that the amount and time of drug release can be easily controlled by predetermination of nanoparticle. Nanotechnology is still in its early stages. The applications discussed in this review have already been developed and are already helping patients all over the world. Keywords- Nanoparticle, Cancer, Alzheimer's disease, TDDS

Drug discovery process is a critical issue in the pharmaceutical industry since it is a very cost-effective and time consuming process to produce new drug potentials and enlarge the scope of diseases incurred. Drug target identification, being the first phase in drug discovery is becoming an overly time consuming process. In many cases, it produces inefficient results due to failure of conventional approaches like in vitro and in vivo to investigate large scale data. Sophisticated in silico approaches has given a tremendous opportunity to pharmaceutical companies to identify new potential drug targets which in turn affect the success and time of performing clinical trials for discovering new drug targets. Insilico pharmacology includes databases, quantitative structure-activity relationships, similarity searching, pharmacophores, homology models and other molecular modeling, machine learning, data mining, network analysis tools and data analysis tools that use a computer.Computational (in silico) methods have been developed and widely applied to pharmacology hypothesis development and testing. Such methods have seen frequent use in the discovery and optimization of novel molecules with affinity to a target, the clarification of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity properties as well as physicochemical characterization. The main goal of this work is to review in silico methods for drug discovery process with emphasis on identifying drug targets, where there are genes or proteins associated with specific diseases. Key words:-target identification, in vitro& in vivo, data bases, pharmacophores, data mining, etc.