Raja S

Indian medicinal plants are gaining popularity in treating several diseases. Due to the plants availability and less side effects people are showing more interest in Indian medicinal plants than other source of medications. The current review is a latest and wide-ranging analysis of ethnomedical information, pharmacological uses and phytoconstituents of Bougainvillea glabra. Traditionally, the plant is conveyed for the management of helminthiasis, diabetes and respiratory tract illnesses such as cough, cold & bronchitis. It has been proved several pharmacological activities like analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiulcer, antidiarrhoea and antilipidemic. Major phytoconstituents like terpenoid, carbohydrate, fatty acids and flavonoids have been reported in this plant. This helps in supporting the plant for future studies and uses on different disorders faced due to various reasons. Further investigation and research is still required for the plant to explore various medicinal properties.

Standardization of medicinal plants is an important step as it determines the identity and quality of a plant. The aim of present study was to standardize Polygonum glabrum by evaluating physicochemical parameters. Successive extraction, phytochemical screening and thin layer chromatography analysis were studied to detect the presence of various phytoconstituents. Physicochemical parameters such as loss on drying, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble extractive and alcohol soluble extractive values were found to be 06.7±1.19%w/w, 15.52±0.28%w/w, 4.65±0.02%w/w, 20.05±1.07%w/w and 13.66±0.20%w/w, respectively. In phytochemical screening, petroleum ether extract revealed the presence of steroids, tannins and saponins whereas chloroform extract confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and carbohydrates. Ethylacetate extract showed the presence of phenolic compounds, steroids, proteins and glycosides. Further, major constituents like alkaloids, sugars, phenols, proteins, steroids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids were present in methanol extract. In addition, thin layer chromatography analysis supports the presence of terpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids in petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts, respectively.  It can be concluded that the standardization parameters investigated in this study could assist in safe, accurately collection, handling of crude materials, ensure efficacy and stability of ended product. Further, the major active constituents were identified in different extracts of Polygonum glabrum

The use of heterocyclic compounds in field of medicinal chemistry is increasing day by day due to various reasons like heterocyclic compounds are included in the structure of many biochemical materials, which are essential for life. Nucleic acid, many naturally occurring pigments like chlorophyll, vitamins and antibiotics contains heterocyclic nucleus. Modern society is also dependent on synthetic heterocycles for use as drugs, pesticides and dyes. The work embodied in this article relates to benzimidazole as it is a versatile heterocycle which exhibit broad range of biological activities. Benzimidazoles (known as o-phenylenediamine derivatives) are mostly synthesized from o-phenylenediamines. This ring system is present in numerous anti-protozoal, anti-helmintics, anti-HIV, anti-convulsant, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, and anti-ulcer agents. Several benzimidazoles such as albendazole, mebendazole, flubendazole, fenbendazole, omeprazole, lansoprazole, and clofazone are used in therapy. In this review, various antimicrobial benzimidazoles were summarized & reported. In addition this review highlights the antimicrobialpotency of benzimidazole to medicinal world.

Michelia champaca, a healthful plant and it's normally utilized in people medication to treat varied diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective & invivo antioxidant activities of Michelia champaca against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in rats. The methanol extract of Michelia champaca at dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg were administered orally once daily for seven days. Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), total bilirubin (TB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total protein (TP) were estimated from serum. In-vivo antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Michelia champaca was evaluated by various assays including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver tissues. Histopathological examination of the liver sections was carried out to support the induction of hepatotoxicity. The results of the study indicated that, methanol extract of Michelia champaca 500 mg/kg showed a major decrease in SGPT, SGOT, TB, ALP, LDH levels that were all elevated within the carbon tetra chloride treated group. The Michelia champaca extract showed considerably redoubled the degree of CAT, SOD, GSH, GPx, GRD and reduce the degree of MDA. Michelia champaca leaves extract therapy also protective effects against histopathological alterations. From the above study it can be concluded that methanol extract of Michelia champaca had hepatoprotective & antioxidant activities against carbon tetra chloride induced hepatic damage in experimental animals.

Natural products from medicinal plants, either as pure compounds or as standardized extracts, provide unlimited opportunities for new drug leads. Due to an increasing demand for seeking therapeutic drugs from natural products there is a need to develop analytical methodologies for different purposes which include the extraction, isolation and characterization of active ingredients in botanicals and herbal preparations. Various analytical methods available for the isolation, characterization and quantification of active ingredients from plant extracts which include various spectrometric and chromatographic methods along with some hyphenated techniques are discussed. The present review helps to design a method for the isolation, characterization and quantitative determination of major constituents from plants.

Liver harm is most vital health issues or so a lot of than 900 medicines involved in case of liver injury. World health organization estimate that eightieth of total population used herbal drugs for some characteristic of primary health care while not any facet effects. Herbal medicine has emerged as a skilled approach with sensible values in handling various diseases, developing an affordable phytotherapy to treat severe liver diseases needs economical exploration of properties like antiviral action, antihepatotoxicity, stimulation of liver regeneration besides choleretic activity. The search used