Usha

To meet global healthcare demands, a tertiary care teaching hospital studies pulmonary TB patients' drug use. Respiratory TB is a major problem in poor nations. The study optimizes anti-tuberculosis medicine use to improve patient outcomes and prevent transmission. Due to dosage and duration, optimization influences drug effectiveness, side effects, and resistance. The study emphasizes medication adherence and patient compliance to prevent treatment failure and drug-resistant strains. Pulmonary TB is infectious yet hard to identify due to its mild symptoms. Diagnostics and treatment include clinical and laboratory tests and long-term antibiotics. Immunization and latent TB therapy prevent TB. Healthcare professionals, governments, and international organizations must collaborate to eliminate pulmonary TB. During the 8-month study period, a group of 600 patients with PTB was examined. The group of 30-50 years revealed more males than females with PTB among them. The drug isoniazid was by far the most heavily recommended first-line treatment. In contrast to Isoniazid, it couldn’t adhere to Levofloxacin efficiently. In one of the tests, it was observed that there were undernourished persons that are protein and micronutrient deficient also. The study showed most mental comorbidities as depression. Multidrug resistance preceded non-resistance. From this study, we determined the high rate of PTB relapse and partial healing. The study suggested approaches to improving protein-energy deficit and mental depression as well as to multi-drug resistance and for treating patients. The study suggested collaboration and research to reduce PBA mortality rates and produce tablets, medications, and treatments to help doctors treat, change diets, and counsel PTB patients.

The objective of current research is to formulate and evaluate Naproxen emulgel for tropical drug delivery. Naproxen Emulgels (F1-F10) were formulated by using Carbopol 940 with 0.5% w/w and HPMC K100 with 2.5% w/w. Arachis oil containing Span 20 acts as oil phase and water containing Tween 20 constitutes aqueous phase. All the formulations tested for physical appearance, homogeneity and consistency. All the emulgels were found to be opaque, homogenous, with good consistency and no phase separation. The drug content of all formulations recorded within 98.57±0.25 to 99.60±0.22% indicating content uniformity. In vitro release studies indicate higher release rate for F4 and F9 in 5 hrs of 99.68±0.54% and 92.65±0.61% respectively. The percentage ex-vivo drug release of F4 at 6 hrs was 98.98±0.41% which is higher than market formulation (66.94±0.51 %).The release kinetics data indicate that the drug released by Fickian diffusion predominated with all formulations. Based on permeability (2.49 x 10-3cm2/h) and enhancement ratio (2.22) F4 is considered as optimized formulation. The formulation F4 shows higher enhancement ratio than that of F9 and marketed gel, hence considered optimized formulation. Drug excipient compatibility studies by FTIR and DSC indicate no significant interaction. No significant changes observed in physicochemical properties of optimized formulation (F4) on exposure to accelerated conditions of temperature and humidity. Hence the developed Naproxen emulgel formulation was found to be stable with no skin irritations, increased absorption and drug release.

To establish a comparative account within the taxa by assessing its anti-oxidative property and mapping it with the morphometric characters. The methanolic leaf extracts of 12 Cassia L. species were screened for their antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and reducing power capability with reference to standard Ascorbic acid. Chamaecrista kleinii exhibited strong antioxidant activity with IC50 2.17 µg mL-1, followed with Senna auriculata (IC50 11.51 µg mL-1) and Senna polyphylla (15.17 µg mL-1). Highest reducing ability was observed in Senna auriculata extract with 0.676 nm absorbance. The correlation observed between the reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging assay supports the contribution of the phytoconstitutents like phenolics and flavonoids towards managing oxidative stress. The present study reveals the beneficiary effects of the selected plants by virtue of their antioxidant activity that can be harnessed in drug formulations. Keywords: Antioxidant, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl, reducing power, Cassia.

Benign breast diseases can occur any time during the life span of a female [1]. Breast is a dynamic organ which undergoes cyclical changes throughout a woman’s reproductive life. Hormones and growth factors acting on the epithelial and stromal elements right from the onset of puberty till menopause cause significant morphological changes leading to Aberration in Normal Development and Involution (ANDI) inflicting majority of benign breast illnesses. [2]

To develop and evaluate Push Pull Osmotic tablets of ketorolac Tromethamine (KT). Core tablets of KT were formulated by wet granulation method using polymers (HPMC K4M, K15M) , coated with semipermeable membrane (cellulose acetate), plasticizer (PEG 400) , pore former (D- sorbitol) and osmogen (sodium chloride). Compatibility studies were carried out using Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC), no incompatibility between the drug and polymers observed. The Physical properties of tablets were evaluated for thickness, hardness, friability, drug content, effect of osmotic agent, percentage of pore former, pH, agitational intensity, weight gain, osmotic pressure and in vitro drug release for 12 hours. Release studies best fitted to zero order pattern, indicating drug release was non-Fickian, independent of pH and agitational intensity. The system is simple, cost effective and alternative to conventional osmotic pump since sophisticated laser drilling technique is not required.

Organic farming is a form of agriculture that relies on techniques such as crop rotation, green manure, compost, and biological pest control. Depending on which the definition of organic farming  is described for the  use of fertilizers and pesticides covering herbicides, insecticides and fungicides having natural origin for examplebone meal from animals or pyrethrin from flowers, but it excludes or strictly limits the use of various methods (including synthetic petrochemical fertilizers and pesticides; plant growth regulators such as hormones; antibiotic use in livestock; genetically modified organisms human sewage sludge; and nanomaterials. for reasons including sustainability, openness, independence, health, and safety. When we go on ancient Ayurvedic literatures on Vrikshayurveda it is found that during ancient period when synthesis of inorganic fertilizers, hormones antibiotics etc were not described for use on crop or other plants use of crop rotation, animal flesh, bones belonging to different animals and plant parts and Ayurvedic medicines like Triphala, Manjishtha, Ashwagandha, neem, tila along  with other ayurvedic formulations or single drugs from about 135 medicinal plants with holistic approach and the plant health were well maintained. Ancient Ayurvedic literatures also describe the creation of mango fruits on banana plants. Use of fish powder or extracts of plants to induce flowering and fruiting are used as tool under Vrikshayurveda. Fumigation from time to time for the control of several diseases is also a part of Vrikshayurveda for the maintenance of plant health which is now being popularized by Homa Therapy and Organic farming even for the maintaining human health. Seeking out all above aspects for creating linkage between organic farming and ancient Ayurvedic literature authors have conducted experiment on pea and gram crops by the use of Neem, Karanj, Behaya and Swet Kutaj just to compare effects of each drug on said crops. 

One of the hallmarks of oral cancer is its inherent insensitivity to Radiotherapy. We have analysed the tumor metabolites and quantization of biochemical and bioenergetic metabolites by NMR spectroscopic analysis. In this study, trace element selenium exhibit dual nature in oxic and hypoxic conditions as an antioxidant and anticarcinogen respectively, indexing its radiosensitising effect, denoting a remarkable decrease in tumor mass with the gradual disappearance of tumor characteristics and oxidative stress in oral cancer cases undergoing radiotherapy. Dual role of selenium as a radio sensitizer and radio-protector could warrant a significant progress in the cancer patients, as an adjuvant to the conventional therapies in oral cancer management. Key words: Selenium, Free radicals, Oral cancer, Radiosensitisation, Radiotherapy. 

The objective of present study was to develop solid self micro emulsifying drug delivery system (S-SEDDS) with Neusilin for enhancement of dissolution rate of model drug Olmesartan medoxomil. Olmesartan medoxomil SEDDS was prepared using oils - Captex 35, Capryol 90, Castor oil, Olive oil, surfactants - Gelucire 44/14, Kolliphor HS 15, Kolliphor RH 40, Labrasol, Tween 80, Lauroglycol, co-surfactants - PEG 400, PEG 600, Propylene glycol. Solid SEDDS were prepared using adsorbing agent Neusilin US2. A pseudo ternary phase diagram was constructed to identify the self-micro emulsification region. Further, the resultant formulations were investigated for clarity, phase separation, globule size, effect of pH and dilutions and freeze-thaw stability and found to be within the limits. The optimized SMEDDS (F6) formulation of Olmesartan contained Castor oil (Oil), Kolliphor RH 40 (Surfactant) and PEG 400 (Co-surfactant). The prepared liquid SEDDS was thermodynamically stable with good self emulsification efficiency and having globule size in nanometric range which may be physiologically stable. On the basis of different evaluation parameters F6 was found to be optimized formulation. S-SEDDS of Olmesartan medoxomil prepared with optimized SEDDS (F6) using adsorbing agent Neusilin US2 by adsorption technique have good flow property and drug content. This optimized formulation (F6) was converted in to solid SEDDS by adding required quantity of Neusilin US2 as adsorbing agent used for in vitro dissolution and bioavailability assessment. Results of SEM demonstrate that spherical S-SEDDS can be obtained without agglomeration. In vivo studies revealed that the oral bioavailability of Olmesartan medoxomil from solid SEDDS was 2.3-fold higher compared to that of Olmesartan suspension in rats, suggesting a significant increase (p < 0.05) in oral bioavailability of Olmesartan medoxomil from solid SEDDS. Hence it was concluded that S-SEDDS can be efficiently formulated by adsorption technique using Neusilin US2 as solid carrier to enhance dissolution rate of poorly soluble drug such as Olmesartan medoxomil.

The purpose of the present study was to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of a poorly water soluble drug by solid dispersion technique. Irbesartan was used as a model drug to evaluate its release characteristics from the formulations. Solid dispersions of Irbesartan with PEG 4000 and PEG 6000 were prepared by physical mixing, solvent evaporation and melting techniques in w/w ratios (drug: carrier). Characterization of the solid dispersions was carried out by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR). The dissolution profiles of solid dispersions were compared with those of the pure drug. Solid dispersions of Irbesartan with PEG 4000 prepared by solvent evaporation technique at 1:1 ratio showed greater dissolution compared to other formulations. FTIR and DSC studies showed no significant interaction between Irbesartan and the hydrophilic carriers.

A Study was conducted  on varieties of  birds eggs   there by extracting yolk and albumin.  The eggs of  java, quail, hen and love bird were chosen for the study  and  they were procured  from commercial farms, bird markets and breeding places. The   physical characteristics such as weight, shape, size and colour of the egg were analyzed. The yolk  and their albumin were separated  and incubated at 500c for a period of 48 hours and their moisture loss was calculated. Similarly, the total cholesterol estimated found high in the  hens egg followed by love birds, were least in the quail and java egg. Thus a conclusion was  drawn that eggs of different birds are almost same colour but different in size, shape and possess different ratio of yolk and albumin.