Castor oil

The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate self micro emulsifying drug delivery system to enhance the solubility of the BCS class II drug, i.e. itraconazole. SMEDDS of the model drug were prepared using castor oil and benzyl alcohol as oil phase, tween 80 as surfactant and poly ethylene glycol 400 and ethanol as co-solvents. The prepared SMEDDS were characterized by SEM and zeta potential. SMEDDS were evaluated for globule size, stability studies, dispersibility test and in vitro drug release. SEM photograph showed that globules were smooth and spherical in shape. The particle size and zeta potential of prepared formulation was found to be between 8-16 µm and -11.5 to -55.6 respectively. Stability of itraconazole drug was found to depending on the amount of castor oil present in the formulation. As concentration of castor oil in the formulation increases, so the stability. In vitro drug release of the formulations was carried out in pH 1.2 buffer for 2 hours. Formulation F6 showed 98.50% drug release at the end of 2 hours. It was concluded that the SMEDDS prepared seem to promising carriers for enhancing the bioavailability and the solubility of poorly water soluble drug.

The objective of present study was to develop solid self micro emulsifying drug delivery system (S-SEDDS) with Neusilin for enhancement of dissolution rate of model drug Olmesartan medoxomil. Olmesartan medoxomil SEDDS was prepared using oils - Captex 35, Capryol 90, Castor oil, Olive oil, surfactants - Gelucire 44/14, Kolliphor HS 15, Kolliphor RH 40, Labrasol, Tween 80, Lauroglycol, co-surfactants - PEG 400, PEG 600, Propylene glycol. Solid SEDDS were prepared using adsorbing agent Neusilin US2. A pseudo ternary phase diagram was constructed to identify the self-micro emulsification region. Further, the resultant formulations were investigated for clarity, phase separation, globule size, effect of pH and dilutions and freeze-thaw stability and found to be within the limits. The optimized SMEDDS (F6) formulation of Olmesartan contained Castor oil (Oil), Kolliphor RH 40 (Surfactant) and PEG 400 (Co-surfactant). The prepared liquid SEDDS was thermodynamically stable with good self emulsification efficiency and having globule size in nanometric range which may be physiologically stable. On the basis of different evaluation parameters F6 was found to be optimized formulation. S-SEDDS of Olmesartan medoxomil prepared with optimized SEDDS (F6) using adsorbing agent Neusilin US2 by adsorption technique have good flow property and drug content. This optimized formulation (F6) was converted in to solid SEDDS by adding required quantity of Neusilin US2 as adsorbing agent used for in vitro dissolution and bioavailability assessment. Results of SEM demonstrate that spherical S-SEDDS can be obtained without agglomeration. In vivo studies revealed that the oral bioavailability of Olmesartan medoxomil from solid SEDDS was 2.3-fold higher compared to that of Olmesartan suspension in rats, suggesting a significant increase (p < 0.05) in oral bioavailability of Olmesartan medoxomil from solid SEDDS. Hence it was concluded that S-SEDDS can be efficiently formulated by adsorption technique using Neusilin US2 as solid carrier to enhance dissolution rate of poorly soluble drug such as Olmesartan medoxomil.

The aim of the present study is to minimize the local gastrointestinal irritation which is one of the major side effects of Piroxicam (PR) by the formulation  oral  stomach specific in situ gelling emulsion ingestion by kinetic control of drug release. Material and method: In situ emulgel were prepared by using castor oil as oil phase ,tween 80 and span 80 as emulsifiers, sodium alginate was used as gelling agent,  xanthan gum was used as release retardant ,calcium carbonate was used as cross linking agent, pH triggered ionic gelation is the mechanism involved in the present study. Various evaluation tests were done for all formulations Results: Formulation F9 containing 2.5% of sodium alginate, 2 % of CaCO3, 1 % of sodium bicarbonate and 0.8% of Xanthan gum was selected as optimized batch based on  Q10 86.02±0.17 %, floating time 122.15±2.47 sec and drug content 91.86±1.02 %. The release pattern of drug was found to follow Korsemeyer and Highuchi model. The DSC study exposed that there was no incompatibility. Pharmacodynamic study on Wistar rats were showed significant anti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of the optimized formulation. Further, in vivo toxicity studies carried out in wistar rats revealed no signs of gastric ulceration upon prolonged dosing. Conclusion: It was concluded that the oral stomach specific In situ gelling emulsion of piroxicam could be an effective dosage form which minimize the gastric irritation by coating drug with castor oil and remains buoyant and control the drug release for 24hrs.