NSAID

The objective of current research is to formulate and evaluate Naproxen emulgel for tropical drug delivery. Naproxen Emulgels (F1-F10) were formulated by using Carbopol 940 with 0.5% w/w and HPMC K100 with 2.5% w/w. Arachis oil containing Span 20 acts as oil phase and water containing Tween 20 constitutes aqueous phase. All the formulations tested for physical appearance, homogeneity and consistency. All the emulgels were found to be opaque, homogenous, with good consistency and no phase separation. The drug content of all formulations recorded within 98.57±0.25 to 99.60±0.22% indicating content uniformity. In vitro release studies indicate higher release rate for F4 and F9 in 5 hrs of 99.68±0.54% and 92.65±0.61% respectively. The percentage ex-vivo drug release of F4 at 6 hrs was 98.98±0.41% which is higher than market formulation (66.94±0.51 %).The release kinetics data indicate that the drug released by Fickian diffusion predominated with all formulations. Based on permeability (2.49 x 10-3cm2/h) and enhancement ratio (2.22) F4 is considered as optimized formulation. The formulation F4 shows higher enhancement ratio than that of F9 and marketed gel, hence considered optimized formulation. Drug excipient compatibility studies by FTIR and DSC indicate no significant interaction. No significant changes observed in physicochemical properties of optimized formulation (F4) on exposure to accelerated conditions of temperature and humidity. Hence the developed Naproxen emulgel formulation was found to be stable with no skin irritations, increased absorption and drug release.

To Evaluate the Prescribing Pattern of different types of Chronic Headache in a tertiary Care Hospital. 63 patients were the subjects in Medicine Department of a Multispecialty Hospital, in Greater Noida. It was a duly approved, prospective study, in patients on chronic Headache therapy, conducted by competent professionals. The data was obtained from physicians’ prescribing records and patients by individual interviews using the structured proformas as per World Health Organization guidelines. In 63 patients, suffering from different types of headache were evaluated. Among the 63 patients suffering from headache 17(26.98%) were males and 46(73.01%) were females, indicating 3:1 (Female: male) prevalence ratio of headache. Out of 63 patients of chronic headache, age range of 31-40 years had the maximum number 22(34.92%) of patients, followed by 21(33.33%) in age range of 21-30 year. Among the 63 patients suffering from headache Out of 31 patients diagnosed of migraine headache 23(74.19%) were females and 8(25.86%) were males, indicating prevalence of migraine 3 times more in females than in male. NSAIDs (100%) were the most prescribed abortive treatment followed by ergotamine 22(34.92%) and prochlorperazine 22 (34.92%). Among the opoid analgesics caffeine 22(34.92%) was mostly prescribed followed by tramadol 13(20.63%). Sumatriptan 9(14.28%) was less prescribed. The prospective study demonstrated that the incidence migraine headache was found to be higher in female patients. NSAIDs were the most prescribed abortive treatment followed by ergotamine 22(34.92%) and prochlorperazine22 (34.92%) Among the opoid analgesics caffeine was mostly prescribed followed by tramadol.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common inflammatory disease characterized by progressive bone and cartilage destruction, A full cure for rheumatoid arthritis  is yet to be discovered but  Microemulsion containing NSAID can be used as best option for the management of pain in Rheumatoid arthritis because of their potential to incorporate a wide range of drug molecules (hydrophilic and hydrophobic) due to the presence of both lipophilic and hydrophilic domains.  Association of drugs with Microemulsion is normally noncovalent, based on collective strength of weak binding forces which are broken to release drug. The small droplets of Microemolsion provide better adherence to membranes and transport NSAID molecules in a controlled fashion for the pain management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. These adaptable delivery systems provide protection against oxidation, enzymatic hydrolysis and improve the solubilization of lipophilic drugs and hence enhance their bioavailability.