DSC

The present study was design to standardize and develop scientific data for identification and quality control of Oleo Resin of Pine. The proximate analysis and nature of Oleo Resin of Pine (ORP) was confirmed by organoleptic, physiochemical characterization and fluorescence analysis. The preliminary phytochemical analysis was done by qualitative chemical tests. The total chemical components were confirmed by TLC and HPTLC analysis in suitable solvent system. Identification of chemical compounds, their molecular weight and structure were detected by GC-MS and the functional groups were detected by FTIR. Thermal analysis was carried out by DSC. The organoleptic and physiochemical data showed characteristic features of ORP. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of hydroalcholic extract of ORP showed presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloid, phytosterols, terpenes, saponins and phenols. The DSC thermogram of powder of ORP showed enthalpy of transition more than zero for all the 4 endothermic peaks. The GC-MS chromatogram of ORP revealed the presence of two compounds, Longicyclene at RT 21.11 and Longifolene at RT 22.03. TLC and HPTLC fingerprinting of ORP showed separation of components in Toluene: Ethyl acetate (93:7) mobile phase at 254, 366, 550nm.The FTIR spectrogram of ORP showed the seven characteristic bands assigned to different functional groups. The observations and results of the study have provided evidence based scientific data for standardization of ORP which will serve as reference standards to establish its identity, purity and also help to minimize adulteration and substitution. Keywords: Standardization; Oleo Resin of Pine; HPTLC; GCMS; FTIR; DSC

To develop and evaluate Push Pull Osmotic tablets of ketorolac Tromethamine (KT). Core tablets of KT were formulated by wet granulation method using polymers (HPMC K4M, K15M) , coated with semipermeable membrane (cellulose acetate), plasticizer (PEG 400) , pore former (D- sorbitol) and osmogen (sodium chloride). Compatibility studies were carried out using Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC), no incompatibility between the drug and polymers observed. The Physical properties of tablets were evaluated for thickness, hardness, friability, drug content, effect of osmotic agent, percentage of pore former, pH, agitational intensity, weight gain, osmotic pressure and in vitro drug release for 12 hours. Release studies best fitted to zero order pattern, indicating drug release was non-Fickian, independent of pH and agitational intensity. The system is simple, cost effective and alternative to conventional osmotic pump since sophisticated laser drilling technique is not required.

The aim of the present study was an attempt to formulate and evaluate Levofloxacin loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NP) by Emulsion solvent diffusion method using poloxamer 188 as surfactant; about eight different formulations (F1-F8) were prepared by changing the ratios of drug and excipients . Among all the formulations F3 was selected as optimized formulations  based on the physico chemical parameters and drug release studies and  it was incorporated in to 1% W/W of Carbopol gel (GF3) to obtained ophthalmic gel ,further, it was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Compatibility studies by FT-IR showed no significant interactions between drug and excipients. The prepared Chitosan nanoparticle were characterized for different parameters like particle size analysis, zeta measurement, SEM, % drug content, entrapment efficiency, FT-IR, DSC, In-vitro release. The Gel containing chitosan nanoparticles (GF3)  were evaluated for different parameters like physical examination, pH, spread ability, viscosity, reological property, % drug content and  In-vitro release. The in vitro dug release and antimicrobial efficacy of GF3 formulation was compared with marketed product. From the results it was observed that the formulation controlled the drug release over a period of 24 hrs following Higuchi model and nonfickian diffusion mechanism with better antimicrobial action than the marketed product. The ocular irritancy study confirmed that ther is no irritation to the eye. From the above study we can conclude that the Levofloxacin loaded CS-NP were successfully prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method and it is found to be  suitable for sustained ocular drug delivery having improved antibacterial action.

Glipizide is oral hypoglycemic agent, used for treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. Glipizide is insoluble in water. To increase the solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of glipizide it must be made its a suitable formulation by incorporating with suitable hydrophilic carriers. Such formulation provides a means of reducing particle size to nearly a molecular level. solid dispersion technique was adapted to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of glipizide by incorporating hydrophilic carrier such as  Polyvinylpyrrolidone  K30 (PVP-K30) in different ratios were used . The formulation of the solid dispersion were carried our by preparing the  physical mixtures of glipizide using the Polyvinylpyrrolidone  K30 (PVP-K30) in four  different ratios.(1:2, 1:4, 1:6 and 1:8).Characterization of solid dispersions and physical mixtures were confirmed by Determination of Drug content, Solubility study, Thermal study, I R Spectral Analysis, Differential Thermal Analysis (DSC) and Powder x-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD).From the results it was concluded that the Glipizide : polyvinylpyrrolidone  K30 The dissolution study showed that a maximum increase in dissolution rate was obtained with glipizide: PVP K-30 solid dispersions with a higher ratio of (1:8).

Floating dosage form for gastric retention has potential to use as controlled-release drug delivery systems which providing opportunity for both local and systemic drug action. The present work was aimed to formulate controlled release floating tablet (CRFT) of Perindopril Erbumine using gas generated low density approach. To develop CRFT, the Perindopril Erbumine was selected as a drug because it complies with the suitability criteria for the floating drug delivery system and the controlled release medication was required due to its potent action and poor bioavailability. The present investigation was suggested that the bioavailability of Perindopril Erbumine was improved due to increased gastric retention time and controlling the drug release rate using the natural polymer SFG, HPMCK15M and Acrypol 934. The CRFT of Perindopril Erbumine was developed by using wet granulation method and PVP K 30 was used as a granulating agent. The study was given the assurance that SFG had an excellent controlled drug releasing property then HPMCK15M by forming matrix in the formulation. The Acrypol 934 was added to control the drug release rate in to formulation and found good compressibility and controllable drug releasing properties in to the final formulation. All the formulation was evaluated for Weight variation, Thickness, Hardness, Diameter, Friability, Assay, FLT, TFT, Swelling Index and Dissolution study. Key Word: CRFT, SFG, Acrypol 934, FLT, TFT, SWI, Perindopril Erbumine, DSC

In this present work Erythromycin stearate nanosuspension has been formulated. Since Erythromycin stearate is insoluble in water, it has been formulated as nanosuspension to improve bioavailability of the drug. The formulation was carried out using High Pressure Homogenization method using different variables like drug-surfactants ratio, stirring speed and rotation time, to optimize the final formulation while keeping the quantities of active ingredient constant. An optimized final formulation was prepared by using drug, poloxamer 188 and tween20 in 1:2:2 ratios with stirring speed of 25000 rpm for 25 minutes using High Pressure Homogenizer (Polytron PT 1600E) followed by lyophilisation. The optimized final formulation was subjected to in-vitro parameters such as compatibility, drug content, particle size analysis, zeta-potential, SEM, in-vitro release profile. All the in vitro evaluation parameters complied the limits. Stability studies were also conducted as per ICH guidelines and from the result it may be concluded that the optimized formulation is stable. Finally, it is concluded that the drug is compatible and stable with the excipients, hence Erythromycin stearate can be formulated as nanosuspension by this method. Key words: Erythromycin stearate, Poloxamer 188, Nanosuspension, Zeta potential, DSC, SEM.