Levofloxacin

Ophthalmic drug delivery is one of the most interesting and challenging endeavours facing the pharmaceutical scientist. The anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of the eye render this organ highly impervious to foreign substances. Various ophthalmic vehicles, such as inserts, ointments, suspensions and aqueous gels, have been developed to lengthen the residence times of instilled dose and enhance ophthalmic bioavailability1. The objective of the present work was to develop an ion activated in situ gelling system of Levofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone derivative used in external infections of the eye. Gellan, alone, was investigated as vehicle for the formulation of eye drops of Levofloxacin (0.5%), which would undergo gelation when instilled into cul-de-sac of the eye and provide sustained release during treatment of ocular infections. The developed formulations were therapeutically efficacious and provide sustained release of the drug during over a 8-hrs period in vitro2.

The aim of the present study was an attempt to formulate and evaluate Levofloxacin loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NP) by Emulsion solvent diffusion method using poloxamer 188 as surfactant; about eight different formulations (F1-F8) were prepared by changing the ratios of drug and excipients . Among all the formulations F3 was selected as optimized formulations  based on the physico chemical parameters and drug release studies and  it was incorporated in to 1% W/W of Carbopol gel (GF3) to obtained ophthalmic gel ,further, it was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Compatibility studies by FT-IR showed no significant interactions between drug and excipients. The prepared Chitosan nanoparticle were characterized for different parameters like particle size analysis, zeta measurement, SEM, % drug content, entrapment efficiency, FT-IR, DSC, In-vitro release. The Gel containing chitosan nanoparticles (GF3)  were evaluated for different parameters like physical examination, pH, spread ability, viscosity, reological property, % drug content and  In-vitro release. The in vitro dug release and antimicrobial efficacy of GF3 formulation was compared with marketed product. From the results it was observed that the formulation controlled the drug release over a period of 24 hrs following Higuchi model and nonfickian diffusion mechanism with better antimicrobial action than the marketed product. The ocular irritancy study confirmed that ther is no irritation to the eye. From the above study we can conclude that the Levofloxacin loaded CS-NP were successfully prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method and it is found to be  suitable for sustained ocular drug delivery having improved antibacterial action.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory response to the overgrowth of anaerobic pathogenic organisms such as spirochetes and bactericides in the sub gingival plaque. If it is unchecked, results in the destruction of the bone and soft tissues supporting to the tooth, which leads to tooth loss. For treatment of these diseases we are preparing local drug delivery system of Levofloxacin dental strips. This helps to get local as well as sustained action against organism. Here we are used HPMC and ethyl cellulose as rate controlling polymer and dibutyl phthalate as plasticizers. Which shows tensile strength varies from 1.55-1.87 kg/cm2,the thickness varies from 0.33±0.002mm to 0.38±0.008mm. The weight variation and drug content was found to be uniform in all the formulation and folding endurance was found to be more than 200 in all the strips. In vitro dissolution was carried out by using static dissolution method and in vitro anti- bacterial activity was carried out by E.coli and S.aureus the zone of inhibition was calculated. The stability study was carried out under accelerated condition to found out the stability of all the formulation.