Tamizh Mani

A simple, specific, accurate, precise and sensitive RP- HPLC method has been developed for the rapid estimation of Alogliptin in bulk and its formulations. The chromatographic separation was carried on Phenomenex Gemini-NX-5 µm C18(2) 110A, LC Column 250 x 4.6 mm, using Acetonitrile:1-octasulphonoic acid (0.005mM) at pH-5 [60:40] (v/v) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min.  The detection was carried out at 220 nm and drug eluted with a retention time of 3.48 min. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2-10?g/ml with correlation coefficient 0.9995. The method has been validated according to ICH guidelines for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, ruggedness, LOD and LOQ. The method was found to be specific, accurate, and precise, robust, rugged and sensitive. The developed method was good linearity, novel, rapid for the estimation of Alogliptin in bulk and tablets dosage form. Thus it can be employed for the routine analysis.

In the recent year colonic drug delivery has gained importance for delivery of drug for the treatment of local diseases associated with colon and systemic delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins. Treatment could be more effective if it is possible for drug to be directly delivered to colon. During the last decade there are new developments in site-specific formulations for targeting drug to the colon. Colon has proved to be a site for the absorption of poorly soluble drugs. Micro carriers as colon drug delivery System has gained importance for the delivery of the drug in the colon because of their increase biocompatibility, controlled release of drug and higher stability. This review is discusses in brief about introduction to colon, Micro Carrier as colon drug delivery system. Oral delivery is still the most favorable route of drug administration, especially for chronic therapies where repeated administration of drug is required. Oral administration offers less pain, good patient convenience and reduced risk of cross infection and needle stick injuries.

The aim of the present investigation was to design a mucoadhesive liposomal system of Repaglinide for the treatment of type - 2 diabetes mellitus that is capable of delivering entrapped drug over an extended period of time. Mucoadhesive liposomal formulations were prepared by using different ratio of lecithin and cholesterol by thin film hydration technique followed by coating of liposomes by 0.1 % w/v and 0.3 % w/v of chitosan and were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, surface morphology and in-vitro drug release. Particle size and zeta potential of the F2 and C2F2 formulation was found to be 413.5 nm, 830.9 nm and -40.9 mV, -46.8 mV respectively. Coating of liposomes resulted increase in particle size and also increases the zeta potential.  Highest entrapment efficiency was observed in F1, CF1 and C2F2 90%, 95% and 94%. The percent drug release from F1-F3, CF1-CF3 and C2F1-C2F3 was observed as follows F1- 79.04%, F2- 76.77%, F3- 64.32%, CF1-66.65%, CF2- 62.12%, CF3- 56.54% and C2F1- 59.1%, C2F2-56.56%, C2F3- 53.45% which follows first order drug release and non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. And mucoadhesive strength from CF2- 60%, C2F2- 74%.

A simple, specific, accurate, precise and sensitive RP- HPLC method has been developed for the rapid estimation of Ganciclovir in bulk and its formulations. The chromatographic separation was carried on Grace smart RP-18 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm), using Methanol: Citrate buffer (0.05M) at PH-5.2 with KOH 70:30 (v/v) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min.  The detection was carried out at 254 nm and drug eluted with a retention time of 2.982 min. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 10-60μg/ml with correlation coefficient 0.999. The method has been validated according to ICH guidelines for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, ruggedness, LOD and LOQ. The method was found to be specific, accurate, and precise, robust, rugged and sensitive. The developed method was good linearity, novel, rapid for the estimation of Ganciclovir in bulk and capsule dosage form. Thus it can be employed for the routine analysis.

A new, simple and sensitive UV-spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of Benfotiamine in bulk and tablet dosage form. This method, involves the measurement of absorbances of Benfotiamine at the wavelength of 244nm. 0.1M HCl was used as solvent. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 3-18µg/ml with correlation coefficient 0.999. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by recovery studies of tablet dosage forms and was found to be 99.32%-100.42% for Benfotiamine. The method showed good reproducibility and recovery with %RSD lessthan 2.0. The LOD and LOQ of Benfotiamine was found to be 0.051μg/ml and 0.155μg/ml. Results of the analysis were validated for accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ and were found to be satisfactory. Thus the developed method was found to be simple, sensitive, rapid, precise, accurate and cost effective quality control tool for the routine analysis of Benfotiamine in bulk and tablet dosage form.

An accurate, simple, rapid, precise and economical RP- HPLC method has been developed for the rapid estimation of ImatinibMesylate in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The separation was achieved on Phenomenex C18 G column ( 250 x 4.6 mm i.d, 5 μm), using Methanol : 1-octanesulphonic acid (0.05M) at PH-8 with KOH  70:30 (v/v) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Detection was carried out at 269 nm and drug eluted with a retention time of 5.548 min. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2-12μg/ml with correlation coefficient 0.999. The method had been validated according to ICH guide lines for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, ruggedness, LOD and LOQ. The method was found to be specific, accurate, and precise, robust, rugged and sensitive. The proposed method was convenient for quantitative routine analysis and quality control of ImatinibMesylate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Key words: Imatinib Mesylate , RP-HPLC, Validation, 1-Octanesulphonic acid.

The aim of the present study was an attempt to formulate and evaluate Levofloxacin loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NP) by Emulsion solvent diffusion method using poloxamer 188 as surfactant; about eight different formulations (F1-F8) were prepared by changing the ratios of drug and excipients . Among all the formulations F3 was selected as optimized formulations  based on the physico chemical parameters and drug release studies and  it was incorporated in to 1% W/W of Carbopol gel (GF3) to obtained ophthalmic gel ,further, it was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Compatibility studies by FT-IR showed no significant interactions between drug and excipients. The prepared Chitosan nanoparticle were characterized for different parameters like particle size analysis, zeta measurement, SEM, % drug content, entrapment efficiency, FT-IR, DSC, In-vitro release. The Gel containing chitosan nanoparticles (GF3)  were evaluated for different parameters like physical examination, pH, spread ability, viscosity, reological property, % drug content and  In-vitro release. The in vitro dug release and antimicrobial efficacy of GF3 formulation was compared with marketed product. From the results it was observed that the formulation controlled the drug release over a period of 24 hrs following Higuchi model and nonfickian diffusion mechanism with better antimicrobial action than the marketed product. The ocular irritancy study confirmed that ther is no irritation to the eye. From the above study we can conclude that the Levofloxacin loaded CS-NP were successfully prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method and it is found to be  suitable for sustained ocular drug delivery having improved antibacterial action.

Plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Ayurveda, traditional medicine, tribal medicine and other literatures mention the use of plants in the treatment of various human ailments. Researches conducted in the last few decades on  exploring crude drugs mentioned in ancient literature or used traditionally for treating diseases is increasing. The term ginseng refers to the species within Panax, a genus of 11 species of slow growing perennial plants with fleshy roots, in the family Araliaceae. These plants grown in eastern Asia, typically in cooler climates. The two major species are American ginseng (grown in the Midwest of America and exported to China) and Asian ginseng. Ginseng is known to be an adaptogen – adaptogens are substances that help the body to restore itself to health and to work without side effects. The present paper summarizes the traditional uses and pharmacological actions of the roots and rhizomes of ginseng.

The anti-ulcer activity of leaves of benzene and pet ether extract of cleome gynandra inn was investigated in  ethanol induced ulcer model in the male wistar albino rats. The parameters evaluated are ulcer index ,volume of gastric juice, gastric acidity, ph of gastric juice. Pet ether and benzene extract  at doses of 150 mg/kg produced significant inhibition of gastric lesion induced by ethanol induced gastric ulcer. The extract shows significant reduction in gastric volume ,and ulcer index when compared to control. The present study indicates that leaves of benzene and pet ether extract of cleome gynandra inn have potential anti ulcer activity in ethanol induced ulcer model. Further the study also implies that dietary polyphenolic phytochemical especially the flavonoid, saponins accumulated in leaves may supply substantial anti-ulcer agents, which in turn may inhibit the development of several chronic  diseases and there by provide health promoting effect.

The Antioxidant potential of ethanol extract as well as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous soluble fractions of Tephrosia purpurea (Linn.) Pers., which is widely used in indigenous system of medicine for different purposes. The ethanol extract as well as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous soluble fraction were analysed for total phenolics content, total flavonoid content and free radical scavenging activity using DPPH (1,1- diphenyl- 2- picryl hydrazyl) radical. The ethanol extract was found more effective than four different fractions of ethanol extract of Tephrosia purpurea. Total phenolics content and total flavonoid content are found to be highest in ethyl acetate fraction and least in petroleum ether and more or less similar in aqueous and chloroform fractions. In general, the results indicate that the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction are rich in phenolic content and flavonoid content with potent free radical scavenging activity implying their importance to human health. Key Words: Antioxidant, Tephrosia purpurea, DPPH.