analgesic

The aim of the present work was to characterize the in vitro transdermal absorption of tramadol hydrochloride (TH) through pig ear skin. Studies of electrical and physicochemical factors acting on the permeation  kinetics of in vitro iontophoresis were performed. Iontophoresis increased the transdermal permeation flux of TH as compared to the diffusion. Increase in applied current density or enhanced the flux of the drug. Continuous current was more potent than pulsed current in promoting TH transdermal permeation. Increasing the frequency or on:off ratio of pulse current induced an enhancement of the flux through the skin. The binary system did not cause an enhancement in the permeation of TH compared to water alone. An increase in donor drug loading dose or increasing the duration of current application resulted in enhancement of the drug flux. Based on these results, and taking into account the pharmacokinetics of TH, therapeutic drug plasma levels could be achieved via transdermal iontophoresis using a reasonably sized (around 20 cm2) patch.

Ixora pavetta Andrews, (var.: I. Parviflora Vahl.) is a small tree or evergreen shrub belongs to the family Rubiaceae, and is used for many ailments, especially for the treatment of to treat chronic wounds, urinary diseases, skin infection, pulmonary troubles, liver disorder, hair tonic, sedative, diuretic, diarrhoea, dysentery, leucorrhoea and veneral diseases. Preliminary phytochemical screening of ethanol exract of I. pavetta leaf showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponin glycoside. In the analgesic activity, ethanol extract provoked a significant reduction of the number of writhes in acetic acid-induced writhing response, also significantly reduced the licking time in both phases of the formalin test and highest analgesia in hot-plate test (P < 0.01) compared to the control group. The anti-inflammatory effects were investigated employing the both carrageenan and arachidonic acid -induced hind-paw oedema in rats and results of the study revealed the extract to have significant (P

Some chalcones (2a-2n) were synthesized by the condensation of various substituted benzaldehydes and unsubstituted/4-bromo acetophenone by using Claisen-Schmidt condensation. This is a comparative study of synthesizing compounds by conventional as well as non-conventional microwave irradiation in a commercially modified microwave oven. The research is focused on the remarkable reaction rate enhancement by the use of various non-conventional microwave irradiations which minimizes the time and solvents in reactions. Variety of functional groups such as nitro, chloro, dimethylamino, methoxy and methyl survived under the reaction conditions. The structures of newly synthesized compounds have been established on the basis of IR, 1H NMR spectral data and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were screened for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.

Bauhinia variegata (Mountain ebony) is a well known plant in traditional medicine which belongs to the family Cesalpiniaceae. It is widely used for various ailments like skin diseases, tumour, ulcers and various infections. Against this backdrop the present study attempts to scientifically evaluate the analgesic, antifungal, anti-tumour potential of this plant. The ethanolic extract of the plant was prepared by soxhlation. Acute toxicity studies carried out on the extract revealed that it was safe at the dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. The extract was then evaluated for its analgesic activity by eddy’s hot plate method. The antifungal evaluation was carried against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus by disc diffusion method in Sabouraud agar medium. The extract was studied for short term in-vitro cytotoxicity against DLA cell lines by Trypan blue assay method. The ethanolic extract of Bauhinia variegata bark exhibited significant analgesic activity at both the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (p

  The study was aimed to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract of Desmodium oojeinense(Roxb.) in experimental rats. Analgesic activity was evaluated using acetic acid induced writhing method, while anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan induced rat paw oedema model. Various doses of ethanolic extract of the plant (100, 200, 400 mg/kg body weight) were tested for its analgesic activity and anti-inflammatory activity and the results were compared with the standard drug aspirin and diclofenac sodium respectively. Results indicate that the ethanolic extract of the plant significantly inhibited writhing movements in analgesic activity and carrageenan induced hind paw oedema in anti-inflammatory activity in a dose dependent manner. The results suggest that there exists a potential benefit in utilizing Desmodium oojeinense(Roxb.) in treating conditions associated with pain and inflammation. Key Words: Desmodium oojeinense (Roxb.), analgesic, anti-inflammatory, carrageenan.