tramadol hydrochloride

The aim of the present work was to characterize the in vitro transdermal absorption of tramadol hydrochloride (TH) through pig ear skin. Studies of electrical and physicochemical factors acting on the permeation  kinetics of in vitro iontophoresis were performed. Iontophoresis increased the transdermal permeation flux of TH as compared to the diffusion. Increase in applied current density or enhanced the flux of the drug. Continuous current was more potent than pulsed current in promoting TH transdermal permeation. Increasing the frequency or on:off ratio of pulse current induced an enhancement of the flux through the skin. The binary system did not cause an enhancement in the permeation of TH compared to water alone. An increase in donor drug loading dose or increasing the duration of current application resulted in enhancement of the drug flux. Based on these results, and taking into account the pharmacokinetics of TH, therapeutic drug plasma levels could be achieved via transdermal iontophoresis using a reasonably sized (around 20 cm2) patch.

The present manuscript describes sensitive, rapid, accurate, and precise second order derivative spectrophotometry method for the simultaneous determination of tramadol hydrochloride and aceclofenac in combined dosage form. The absorbance values at 225 nm and 215 nm of second derivative spectrum was used for the estimation of tramadol hydrochloride and aceclofenac in combined dosage form, respectively without mutual interference. This method obeyed beer’s law in the concentration range of 5-80μg/ml and 4-28μg/ml for tramadol hydrochloride and aceclofenac respectively. The method was successfully applied to combined dosage form because no interference from the excipients was found. The suitability of this method for the quantitative determination of tramadol hydrochloride and aceclofenac was proved by validation. The proposed method was found to be simple and sensitive for the routine quality control application of tramadol hydrochloride and aceclofenac in combined dosage form. The results of analysis have been validated by recovery studies.