antifungal

The study aims to evaluate the cutaneous toxicity and antifungal activity of the hydroethanol extract of Senna podocarpa, a plant used in traditional medicine. This research is essential to determine both the safety of using the extract on the skin and its efficacy against various fungal infections. Following OECD Guideline 404 (2015), twelve Hyplus rabbits were treated with 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg doses of the extract to observe skin reactions such as erythema and oedema for 14 days. Antifungal activity was assessed using the double dilution slant tube method, followed by inoculation with Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Antifungal parameters such as MIC, MFC and IC50 were determined. Senna podocarpa extract showed no dermal toxicity, with a mean irritation index (MII) of 0, indicating that it is neither irritating nor corrosive to rabbit skin. No skin lesions were observed and the fur of the rabbits regrown 24 hours after application. In addition, the extract did not affect the weight of the rabbits, with those given 500 mg/kg actually showing greater weight gain than those given 200 mg/kg. In terms of antifungal activity, the extract inhibited the growth of the fungi tested in a dose-dependent manner. The MIC and MFC were 6.25 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL for A. fumigatus, 25 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL for C. albicans and 100 mg/mL for T. mentagrophytes.

Azetidin-2-ones (β-lactams) have been a mainstay as therapeutics for the treatment of a wide range of bacterial infections. The interest in β-lactams stems from their highly unusual structure-activity profiles towards a genera of pathogenic bacteria. Tremendous efforts have been made in the literature towards the development of novel β-lactam compounds for a study of their biological evaluation. The present review begins with a brief introduction of β-lactam antibiotics. This is preceded by the progress made towards the biological evaluation of a variety of racemic as well as optically active cis- or trans-3-acetoxyazetidin-2-ones. Their application in medicinal field as antifungal, antibacterial, antitumor, anticancer, IMR32 cytotoxic agents and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors is discussed.

Chalcones are a category of compounds consisting of two aryl rings linked by an α,β-unsaturated ketone moiety. The synthesized compounds CEA and CMA were evaluated for antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method. The antibacterial and antifungal activity was evaluated against Moraxella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (bacterial strains), Candida albicans, A.niger and Trichophyton (fungal strains) using Erythromycin (for bacteria) and Ciprofloxacin (for fungi) as the standard drugs. The structure of synthesized compounds has been elucidated by IR, 1H, 13C NMR and elemental analysis.

Bauhinia variegata (Mountain ebony) is a well known plant in traditional medicine which belongs to the family Cesalpiniaceae. It is widely used for various ailments like skin diseases, tumour, ulcers and various infections. Against this backdrop the present study attempts to scientifically evaluate the analgesic, antifungal, anti-tumour potential of this plant. The ethanolic extract of the plant was prepared by soxhlation. Acute toxicity studies carried out on the extract revealed that it was safe at the dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. The extract was then evaluated for its analgesic activity by eddy’s hot plate method. The antifungal evaluation was carried against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus by disc diffusion method in Sabouraud agar medium. The extract was studied for short term in-vitro cytotoxicity against DLA cell lines by Trypan blue assay method. The ethanolic extract of Bauhinia variegata bark exhibited significant analgesic activity at both the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (p