Pantoprazole

Peptic ulcer is a common gastrointestinal disease seen among many peoples. It may be caused by irregular food habits, spicy foods, either an infection or long-time use of medications, drugs and stress. An ulcer depends upon the presence of acid and peptic activity in gastric juice plus a breakdown in mucosal defences. A number of anti-ulcer drug are available for curing ulcer disease. Standard treatment is including antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors. But the same time these drugs are expensive and there are many side effects caused by these drugs comparing to other herbal medicines. Pantoprazole is an irreversible proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that reduces gastric acid secretion. It is used to treat stomach ulcers, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), acid reflux, and heartburn. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a rare disorder brought on by a pancreatic or intestinal tumour that is treated with pantoprazole. Both a generic and a brand-name version of the oral tablet medication pantoprazole are offered. A stomach H+/K+-ATPase (hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphatase) inhibitor is pantoprazole. Although oral dose forms are the most common drug, they nevertheless have significant drawbacks compared to other delivery systems, such as the possibility of medication absorption that is too sluggish and complicated by gastric residence time. It can be treated by using a lesser dosage of the medication instead of taking it in liquid form. Another technique is the effervescent technique, which can be used to create a dosage form that can speed up the time the drug dissolves and combines with the body. This technique is typically employed with preparations for rapid release. Effervescent tablets are being used more frequently and widely to modify the behaviour of drug release, such as in sustained and controlled release preparations, pulsatilla drug delivery systems, and so forth, along with the development of novel pharmaceutical techniques. The present review illustrated about the etiology of peptic ulcer, its complications, pharmacological property of pantoprazole antiulcer drug and the new effervescent tablet methodology.

Peptic ulcer and Depression are managed by co-administering number of drugs for long duration. Hence, drug-drug interactions which are important cause of antagonistic drug reaction and may lead to amplified risk of hospitalization and amplified care cost. The study was piloted to find the impact of pantoprazole which is generally used for primary peptic ulcer disease in humans on the pharmacokinetic and antidepressant activity of fluoxetine. The influence of pantoprazole on pharmacokinetic parameters of fluoxetine was studied in healthy male albino rabbits. The effect of pantoprazole on antidepressant activity was studied using four animal models. The serum concentration of fluoxetine was estimated by HPLC. And the antidepressant activity was studied using despair swim test, compulsive gnawing test, serotonin syndrome and tail suspension test. After treating with pantoprazole for 7 days the concentration of serum fluoxetine was significantly decreased at 2nd, 4th, 8th, 16th and 24th hour. Pantoprazole treatment for one week exhibited significantly changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters like AUC, AUMC, t1/2 and Cmax of fluoxetine in healthy albino rabbits. The immobility time significantly decreases after pantoprazole treatment for one week by despair swim and tail suspension test in rats and mice respectively. Compulsive gnawing test and serotonin syndrome also shows decrease in the effect after pantoprazole treatment. When both drugs are co-administered together dose of fluoxetine should be increased. Key words: Depression; Fluoxetine; Pantoprazole; Drug-drug interaction; Tail Suspension test; Despair Swim Test.

The present manuscript describes simple, sensitive, rapid, accurate, precise and economical derivative spectroscopic method for the simultaneous determination of Pantoprazole and Levosulpiride in pharmaceutical dosage form. In this study a first-derivative spectroscopic method was used for simultaneous determination of pantoprazole and levosulpiride using the zero-crossing technique. The measurements were carried out at wavelengths of 269 and 249 nm for Pantoprazole and Levosulpiride respectively. The method was found to be linear (r2>0.9929) in the range of 10-50 μg/ml for Pantoprazole at 269 (ZCP of Levosulpiride) nm. The linear correlation was obtained (r2>0.9948) in the range of 10-50 μg/ml for Levosulpiride at 249 (ZCP of Pantoprazole) nm. The limit of determination was 0.69 and 0.58 μg/ml for pantoprazole and levosulpiride respectively. The limit of quantification was 2.06 and 1.69 μg/ml. The method was successfully applied for simultaneous determination of Pantoprazole and Levosulpiride in pharmaceutical dosage form.

  Pantoprazole Sodium sesquihydrate is a proton pump inhibitor that belongs to group benzimidazole, used for the treatment of ulcers in duodenum and gastric, which was degraded in stomach .Thus, the purpose of the study is to formulate a dosage form which is coated by coating polymer(s) which passed the acidic medium and exhibit significant effect in intestine and cures ulcers. An attempt was made to formulate micro particles with two coating polymers: Eudragit L-100 & Cellulose acetate phthalate as well as using of mucoadhesive polymers will release drug in controlled manner. Thus, these different types of micro particles was characterized in terms of Particles size, Mucoadhesive efficiency, Entrapment efficiency, In-vitro as well as In-vivo studies.   Key words: - Pantoprazole, Coating polymers, Mucoadhesive polymers