Peptic ulcer

Peptic ulcer is a common gastrointestinal disease seen among many peoples. It may be caused by irregular food habits, spicy foods, either an infection or long-time use of medications, drugs and stress. An ulcer depends upon the presence of acid and peptic activity in gastric juice plus a breakdown in mucosal defences. A number of anti-ulcer drug are available for curing ulcer disease. Standard treatment is including antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors. But the same time these drugs are expensive and there are many side effects caused by these drugs comparing to other herbal medicines. Pantoprazole is an irreversible proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that reduces gastric acid secretion. It is used to treat stomach ulcers, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), acid reflux, and heartburn. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a rare disorder brought on by a pancreatic or intestinal tumour that is treated with pantoprazole. Both a generic and a brand-name version of the oral tablet medication pantoprazole are offered. A stomach H+/K+-ATPase (hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphatase) inhibitor is pantoprazole. Although oral dose forms are the most common drug, they nevertheless have significant drawbacks compared to other delivery systems, such as the possibility of medication absorption that is too sluggish and complicated by gastric residence time. It can be treated by using a lesser dosage of the medication instead of taking it in liquid form. Another technique is the effervescent technique, which can be used to create a dosage form that can speed up the time the drug dissolves and combines with the body. This technique is typically employed with preparations for rapid release. Effervescent tablets are being used more frequently and widely to modify the behaviour of drug release, such as in sustained and controlled release preparations, pulsatilla drug delivery systems, and so forth, along with the development of novel pharmaceutical techniques. The present review illustrated about the etiology of peptic ulcer, its complications, pharmacological property of pantoprazole antiulcer drug and the new effervescent tablet methodology.

Peptic ulcer disease had a tremendous effect on morbidity and mortality until the last decades of the 20th century, when epidemiological trends started to point to an impressive fall in its incidence. Two important developments are associated with the decrease in rates of peptic ulcer disease: the discovery of effective and potent acid suppressants and of Helicobacter pylori. With the discovery of H. pylori infection, the causes, pathogenesis, and treatment of peptic ulcer disease have been rewritten. The inhibition of gastric acid secretion is a key therapeutic target for the ulcer diseases (viz., peptic, duodenal ulcers or that through H. pylori infection), gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD), Zollinger–Ellison syndrome (Z-E), and gastritis. Currently this is achieved by blocking the acid secretary effect of histamine (HA) through the use of H2-receptor antagonists or the irreversible H+/K+-ATPase inhibitors, popularly referred to as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The incidence of ulcer diseases shows global variation and their treatment should be designed to alleviate the symptoms. Key words: Peptic ulcer, Helicobacter pylori, Zollinger–Ellison syndrome