Carbopol 934

The objective of this research work was to carry out design and evaluation of sustained release matrix tablets of Itopride by use of natural and synthetic polymers.  Matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique by using natural polymers like Carbopol 934, Tamarind poly saccharide, Locust bean gum, Ethyl cellulose, HPMC K 100 as matrix forming agent and excipients such as Lactose, Starch 1500, Magnesium stearate, MCC and talc were used. The dissolution medium consisted of 900 ml of 0.1 N HCl for first 2 hours and then 7.4 phosphate buffer for remaining 10 hours. The release of Itopride from matrix containing lactose, micro crystalline cellulose and starch 1500 as diluents. The drug release rate was found in order of lactose> micro crystalline cellulose>starch 1500. The formulation was optimized on the basis of acceptable tablet properties and in-vitro drug release. The release data were fit into different kinetic models (zero-order, first-order, Higuchi’s equation and Korsmeyer-Peppas equation). Optimized formulation was tested for their compatibility with Itopride by FT-IR studies, which revealed that there is no chemical interaction occurred with polymer and other excipients. The drug release profile of the best formulation was well controlled and uniform throughout the dissolution studies.

Infestation of the head louse caused by Pediculus humanus capitis is an important public health problem worldwide. FDA has approved Ivermectin as an antilice drug in 2012. Commercially Ivermectin is available in the form of Sklice lotion in US market. Hence, in the present work an attempt was made to formulate hair gel of Ivermectin for better patient compliance and to avoid the side effects related with other formulations. The gels of 0.5% Ivermectin were prepared using different gelling agents such as carbopol 934, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M, hydroxyethyl cellulose 250 HHX. Glycerin and propylene glycol were used as a humectants having plasticizer activity. The formulations were characterized for pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, drug content, in vitro drug release, antilice activity, skin irritation study and stability studies. Among the selected formulations, formulation containing 2% HEC 250 HHX and 15% propylene glycol showed better viscosity, spreadability, extrudability and In vitro drug release as compared to other formulations. It showed excellent antilice activity and no skin irritation was observed. It was found to be stable at 25°C/60% and 40°C/75% RH over a period of 45 days. These results suggest the feasibility of the topical gel formulation of Ivermectin for the treatment of pediculosis.

The present research has been undertaken with the aim to formulate and evaluate the low cost herbal gel containing Rubia cordifolia root extract. The gel formulation was designed by using ethanolic extract of Rubia cordifolia root in varied concentrations (750 mg, 1000 mg&1250 mg) and evaluated using physiological measurements. The gel was prepared by using various polymer bases (HPMC K4, HPMC K15, and Carbopol 934). Among them Carbopol 934 has given better gel formation. The gel was prepared by using Carbopol 934, Rubia cordifolia root extract, Propylene glycol 400, Methyl paraben, Propyl paraben and required amount of distilled water. Then skin pH (6.8-7) was maintained by drop wise addition of triethanolamine. The physiochemical parameters of formulations (pH, viscosity, spreadability etc.) were determined. Stability studies have carried out as per ICH guidelines for 3 months at different temperatures and humidity. The results showed that formulation containing 750 mg Rubia cordifolia root extract have better stability than other formulation. Further all formulations have studied for skin irritation on animal model (Rabbit) and result showed that there was no skin irritation to animals.

Herbal medicine has become an integral part of standard healthcare based on combination of traditional usage and on-going scientific research. Gel is a semisolid system consisting of dispersion made up of either small inorganic particles or large organic molecules enclosing an interpenetrated liquid. The inorganic particles form a three dimensional structure. The gel formulation was designed by using ethanolic extract of Cassia tora seeds and evaluated for various physiological measurements; preparation involved various concentration combinations of Carbopol 934 and Sodium CMC. Containing 1.55%of Cassia tora extract, Glycerin, Methyl paraben, Propyl paraben and required amount of distilled water and neutralized by drop wise addition of tri-ethanolamine to get gel like consistency. The results of physiochemical parameters of formulations were pH (6.8 to 6.89), viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, in-vitro release respectively. Concentration and combination effect of Carbopol 934 and Sodium CMC showed increased consistency and sustained action with increase in concentration.

Olmesartan medoxomil is an angiotensin II antagonist used as an antihypertensive drug which has poor oral bioavailability. Hence, an attempt was made to prepare and evaluate mucoadhesive buccal films containing Olmesartan medoxomil as model drug. Various mucoadhesive buccal films were prepared by employing HPMC alone, and in combination with Eudragit RL100, Carbapol 934, Ethyl cellulose were prepared by solvent casting method using ethanol , water and acetone as solvents, tween 80 as solubilising agent and glycerine as plasticizer. The prepared mucoadhesive buccal films were evaluated for their physic-chemical parameters such as thickness uniformity, weight uniformity, folding endurance, drug content , surface pH, swelling index, bioadhesion, percentage moisture loss and uptake, vapor transmission rate. The formulations exhibited good results. In – vitro drug release studies were conducted for OLM loaded films in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) solution. The drug release was in the range of 67 to 90 % in 6hrs.. Stability studies were carried out with selected formulation. In- vivo release was evaluated in rabbits by patch test and it showed good correlation with the in-vitro release data. Drug release was found to be diffusion following zero order as per kinetic studies.

  The present research has been undertaken with the aim to formulate and evaluate the herbal gel containing Calophyllum inophyllum extract. The gel formulation was designed by using methanol extract of Calophyllum inophyllum stem barks in concentration (5%) and evaluated using physiological measurements. The gel was prepared by using accurately weighted amount of drug along with other additives were poured into the fixed amount of hydrated Carbopol-934 dispersion with constant stirring. Finally the required amount of 0.5M sodium hydroxide solution was added to induce gelation. All the prepared gel formulations were subjected for preliminary evaluation such as pH, Viscosity and Rheological studies, Spreadability, Drug content uniformity, Skin irritation test, In vitro diffusion study, In vitro permeation studies, Drug Polymer Compatibility Studies. The optimized herbal gel formulation of the drug was subjected to accelerated stability studies at both 40C and 370C for about 3 months. A suitable UV method was developed for herbal gel formulation by using Phosphate buffer 6.8 as solvent and lmax found to be 284 nm. The pH of all the formulations was in the range of 6.63 to 7.35, which lies in the normal pH range of the skin. The drug content was in the range of 96.6 to 99.5 %. The formulations did not produce any skin irritation, i.e., erythema and edema for about a week, when applied over the skin. The drug interaction FT-IR studies indicated that there was no chemical interaction between the drug and the polymers used in gel formulations.   Key Words: Calophyllum inophyllum, Methanolic extract, Herbal gel formulations, Carbopol 934, pH, Phosphate buffer.