Ivermectin

Ivermection is widely being use for treatment of ectoprarastic infestation in fishes globally in carp farming. The post treatment mortality of the fish or subsequent slow growth becomes common due to unregulated dose. Therefore, present study was aimed to study the effect of acute sub- lethal ivermectin administration (96 hr) on antioxidative enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase) and hematological parameters like platelets, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin content, blood glucose and Nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) of a tropical freshwater fish, rohu  (Labeo rohita). The calculated LD50 value was found to be 1.81 mg/Kg at 96 h by probit analysis. The three sub lethal doses like 125 125 µg/Kg, 250 µg/Kg , 500 µg/Kg and one control (0.00 µg/Kg ) were intraperitoneally administered. After 96 hours it showed significantly altered (P < 0.05) activities of anti-oxidative enzymes and hematological profile, in a dose dependent manner. The early gross sign like sluggishness and dark body were recorded during acute toxicity study. The result indicates ivermectin can impact negatively at higher doses to host rohu (Labeo  rohita )

Argulosis is the sever problem in carp culture and its severity turns to be panic in case of unregulated treatment with ivermectin, when the post treatment mortality of the fish or subsequent slow growth becomes common. Therefore, present study was aimed to study the effect of acute ivermectin exposure (96 hr) of different concentration on antioxidative enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase), acetyl choline enzyme activity and hematological parameters like platelets, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin content, haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration  (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and Nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) of a tropical freshwater fish, rohu  (Labeo rohita) fingerlings (5.5 g). The estimated LC50 value of 7.89 µg/L was found at 96 h of exposure by probit analysis. Activities of anti-oxidative enzymes, immune hematological profile and neurotransmitter activity were significantly altered (P < 0.05) in a dose dependent manner. The early gross sign like sluggishness and dark body were, followed by disorientation and imbalance in swimming, finally mortality during acute toxicity.

Infestation of the head louse caused by Pediculus humanus capitis is an important public health problem worldwide. FDA has approved Ivermectin as an antilice drug in 2012. Commercially Ivermectin is available in the form of Sklice lotion in US market. Hence, in the present work an attempt was made to formulate hair gel of Ivermectin for better patient compliance and to avoid the side effects related with other formulations. The gels of 0.5% Ivermectin were prepared using different gelling agents such as carbopol 934, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M, hydroxyethyl cellulose 250 HHX. Glycerin and propylene glycol were used as a humectants having plasticizer activity. The formulations were characterized for pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, drug content, in vitro drug release, antilice activity, skin irritation study and stability studies. Among the selected formulations, formulation containing 2% HEC 250 HHX and 15% propylene glycol showed better viscosity, spreadability, extrudability and In vitro drug release as compared to other formulations. It showed excellent antilice activity and no skin irritation was observed. It was found to be stable at 25°C/60% and 40°C/75% RH over a period of 45 days. These results suggest the feasibility of the topical gel formulation of Ivermectin for the treatment of pediculosis.