Kiran

Single unit floating effervescent matrix tablets of Dipyridamole were successfully prepared with hydrophilic polymers like HPMC K4M , HPMC K15M and HPMC K100M with 10% NaHCO3 by Simple direct compression method with drug: polymer ratio of 1:1.5,1:2,1:2.5:1.3. FT-IR studies were conducted between drug, polymer and various excipients used in the formulations. Evaluation parameters of powder blend like Hausner’s ratio, Compressibility index, Angle of repose were carried out and results showed that the powder has good flow properties. Formulated tablets gave satisfactory results for various evaluation parameters like tablet hardness (5-6 Kg/cm2), weight variation (±10%), Friability (

The aim of the study was to assess Pharmacognestic study of crude plant extract of Rivea hypocrateriformis and was carried out to characterize the chemical composition of some constituents by GC-MS analysis. Different solvent extracts (aqueous, methanolic, chloroform, ethyl acetate and DMSO) of plant R. hypocrateriformis leaves were assessed for in vitro antimicrobial activity assay by disc diffusion method furthermore antioxidant assay was carried out DPPH free radical scavenging activity, Phytochemical screening was carried out by ‘guide to modern techniques of plant analysis” and GC-MS analyses were performed to identify the constituents present in the plant that stand behind such activities. Due to higher polarity, DMSO extract show revealed presence of maximum phytochemical composition susceptibility as well as methanol and chloroform shows average amount of phytoconstituents. The antibacterial screening is the major of the inhibition hollow observed in inhibition zone. The highest inhibition zone was observed in DMSO extract against each bacterial strain. Where E. coli shows mid active zone inhibition and S. aureus show less, IC50 value of the sample was found to be moderate as compared to standard and the eight compounds were identified in R. hypocrateriformis leaf extract by GCMS analysis. R. hypocrateriformis plant had considerable major chemical composition present in crude extract. Due to presence of major chemical components make it seems to be important for medical purposes and plant contains Potential antibacterial components that may be useful for evolution of pharmaceutical for the therapy of ailments. Also plant extracts can be used for the treatment of infections caused by the strains of the test bacterial organisms.

Stress is one of the major causes of anxiety & depression. Chronic conditions like anxiety & depression when left untreated may result in neuronal & psychological disorders. The present study is aimed at identifying if chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) can cause neurodegeneration in rats and if imipramine & sertraline ( drugs being used for the treatment of depression and anxiety) can protect or recover the brain from neurodegeneration. This study involves 4 groups, namely, Control group (G-I), Chronic unpredictable stress induced group (G-II), CUS + Imipramine (10mg/Kg) treated group (G-III), and CUS + Sertraline (10mg/Kg) treated group (G-IV) with n=6 in each group. The study is conducted for 30 days where stress is induced in G-II, while stress is accompanied with drug treatment in G-III & G-IV. At the end of the 30 day protocol, animals were screened by elevated plus maze and forced swim test . The EPM did not show clear signs of anxiety but the FST has shown signs of depression in G-II & recovery from depression in G-III and G-IV. Serum cortisol levels were assessed and the elevated cortisol levels in G-II clearly indicates that stress has been induced. At the end of the study brains were isolated for histopathological examination and the results indicate that chronic unpredictable stress has induced neurodegeneration in G-II and the drugs Imipramine & Sertraline have shown signs of protection/recovery from neurodegeneration. All the results were analyzed using Graph pad prism (version 6) software.

Obeticholic acid is a pharmaceutical agent under development used especially to treat liver and gastrointestinal disorders. Its chemical structure is 6 α-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid (Figure1). It is a semi synthetic bile acid analogue. In human drug studies, Obeticholic acid is the first farnesoid X receptor agonist and at present, this drug is under phase-II and phase-III clinical trials. Various clinical studies were conducted by using this drug Obeticholic acid to assess the safety and efficacy. In this article, we reviewed the different studies available on Obeticholic acid and its therapeutic use in diseases like non alcoholic steatohepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, bile acid malabsorption and portal hypertension.

Bacopa is the genus in which the Indian medical herb Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) is included, which have been reported to have memory enhancing effect. Bacopa monnieri and Bacopa caroliniana are orthologous in nature. In the present study the effects of ethanolic extract of Bacopa caroliniana on behavioural changes of Albino rats in normal and stress induced rats was investigated. The animals were divided into 3 group’s control, low dose (75mg/kg) and high dose (150mg/kg).Rats in each of these groups were sub divided into 2 groups i.e., with stress and without stress. The animals in stress induced group were forced to swim in a cylindrical vessel containing water at room temperature (28˚c) i.e., chronic mild stress. After the treatment period, the rats of each group were trained on Cooks pole climbing apparatus, Elevated plus maze and on Stair case to assess cognitive improving activities. The results showed improvement in learning performance and enhanced memory retention in rats treated with Bacopa caroliniana extract when compared with control group. The in vitro antioxidant activity was carried out to correlate its protective effect against stress, significant inhibition against DPPH & Nitric oxide radicals were observed with extract in dose dependent manner and the results were compared with that of standard Gallic acid.

Trees and shrubs products have been used as principal ingredients that aid human health and well-being. Based on the literature review and traditional uses of plant Annonasquamosa (Family; Annonaceae), the present study was aimed to evaluate the CNS depressant activity of ethanol, petroleum ether and aqueous extracts of the leaves of AnnonaSquamosa in albino mice. The rotarod test and diazepam induced sleep test was used to evaluate the activity of extracts interfering with motor co-ordination and sleeping time at a dose of 200 mg/kg. 30 minutes after i.p. administration of extracts. The difference in the fall off time from the rotating rod and onset and duration of sleeping time between the control and the treated mice was recorded. It can be inferred from the results that the A. squamosaleaves extracts were exhibiting interesting aimed activity against the control group, however not on par with that of standard employed. Based on the results we can conclude that the ethanol crude extract of A. squamosaleaves exhibit significant CNS depressant activity.

This paper signifies the process of aseptic germination of seeds of Taraxacum officinale, using various sterilizing agents and their influence on the physiology of seed. The three sterilizing agents, mercuric chloride (HgCl2), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethanol (CH2OH) were used in the experiment alone and also in combination with each other in various concentrations. The degree of contamination, seed colour and % of seed germination during the course of experiment was studied. The aim of this study is to establish best surface sterilization for in-vitro propagation of Dandelion. The seeds of Taraxacum officinale were tried to germinate aseptically under various conditions and finally it was observed that seeds showed good germination using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at concentration of 0.1% for 7 minutes.

The objective of present study was to prepare and evaluate Zaltoprofen (ZLT) enteric coated oral mucoadhesive sustained release (SR) tablet in order to improve its GI residence time and improve its bioavailability by using natural biopolymers like xanthan gum and semisynthetic polymer HPMC for its safe use in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis condition. The sustained release polymers, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) of different viscosities and xanthan gum evaluated in different proportions as a major matrix material. Drug-polymer compatibility studies by FTIR and DSC gave confirmation about their purity and showed no interaction physically between drug and selected polymers. ZLT matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation.  The effect of polymer concentration on the drug release profile and in-vitro bioadhesion of the matrix tablets was studied. A 32 full factorial design was utilized in the optimizing the levels of HPMC and Xanthan gum. Concentration of HPMC K4M and the concentration of xanthan gum per tablet were used as the independent variables.  The dependent variables were the bioadhesive strength, percent drug dissolved at 2, 6 and 10 hours. The data obtained were fit to a model and polynomial equations were generated. Response surface graph was generated based on these equations. Formulation composition with desired release characteristics and bioadhesive strength were found to be predictive using this model. The optimized factorial batch was further given the coating of Opadry® enteric (94 series) polymer in order to avoid GI disturbances. The Z-22 tablets were kept for stability study at 40°C ±2°C and 75% ± 5% RH for a period of 6 months according to ICH guidelines. The formulation was found to be stable after 6 months of study. The pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, Tmax, Mean Residence Time (MRT) and Area under Curve (AUC) of developed SR tablet were found to be improved with significant difference (p

An attempt was made to formulate and evaluate the Nebivolol HCl transdermal drug delivery system. The matrix type films were prepared by using solvent casting technique with polymers HPMC 15cps,PVP K-30,Eudragit RL100 and Methyl cellulose 15cps.Propylene glycol was used as plasticizer. The prepared films were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics such as thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, % moisture uptake and % moisture loss. The drug excipient compatibility was determined by Fourier Transform Infra red Spectroscopy. The results revealed that there were no interaction between drug and selected polymers. In vitro permeation studies were performed in Franz diffusion cell using commercial semi permeable membrane. Ex vivo studies were performed using skin of albino rats. Biological studies such as skin irritation test and % drug diffusion studies were carried out by using rabbits. Drug content varied from 73.72 ± 0.1to 95.4±0.15%. Moisture content and moisture uptake were increased for patches containing higher amount of HPMC due to its hydrophilic nature. The batch F4 (HPMC 1.5%, PVP 0.5%) had shown drug release for 24 h to the extent of 86.87% and drug release followed zero order release kinetics which was of non-Fickaian type of diffusion. The results of ex vivo and in vivo studies were well correlated with in vitro diffusion studies

A simple, rapid reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method (RP- HPLC) has been developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of Aceclofenac and Pregabalin in tablet dosage form. Chromatographic separation was achieved C-18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5.0μ) as stationary phase and mobile phase containing phosphate (pH adjusted to 5.0 ± 0.05 using NaOH.) Buffer: Acetonitrile (30:70 v/v) at flow rate of 1 ml/min using UV detection at 210 nm. The retention time for Aceclofenac and Pregabalin was found to be 3.177 and 5.530 min respectively. The method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guideline and successfully used for the quantitative analysis of commercially available tablet. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 20-60μg/ml for Aceclofenac and 15-45μg/ml for Pregabalin.. Lower values of Limit of Detection (0.60μg/ml for Aceclofenac and 0.88μg/ml for Pregabalin) and Limit of Quantification (1.84μg/ml for Aceclofenac and 2.68μg/ml for Pregabalin ) indicated good sensitivity of the method. The method was validate with respect to linearity, robustness, precision and accuracy and was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of aceclofenac and pregabalin from the combined dosage formulation. The percent amount for both the drugs were found to be within limits in the tablet dosage form for both the methods.