PVP

Depressive Disorder medications are pharmacological agents that are used to treat Major Depressive Disorder disease. The intention of the present study is to design and characterization of fast dissolving buccal films of Paroxetin.  Films were prepared by using different polymers like HPMC E15, PVA, PVP and Glycerol as plasticizer and saccharin as a sweetening agent and vanillin as a flavoring agent. Buccal films were prepared using solvent casting technique. The major problem with Paroxetine was it belongs to class ? in BCS classification and have low solubility in biological fluids. In order to enhance the solubility of Paroxetine solid dispersion of Paroxetine   were prepared by melting technique at different drug carrier (PEG 4000) weight ratios and evaluated. No interaction was found between the drug and the polymers which was obtained by FTIR studies. The buccal films were evaluated for Folding endurance, weight variation, Drug content, Thickness, permeation study and in-vitro drug release study. Dissolution profile were studied by using USP dissolution apparatus type I, pH 6.8 simulated saliva were used as dissolution media. The influence of variable like polymer type, and their concentration, on Paroxetine release profile was studied. The formulation was optimized on the basis of various evaluation parameters like drug content and In-vitro drug release. Formulation F3 successfully gave the fast release of drug within 12 minutes. Stability studies were as per ICH guide lines and result indicated that the selected formulation was stable.

The present study includes the Formulation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Buccal Patch of Timolol Maleate for this study work timolol maleate selected as model drug and using either ionic polymers (SCMC) or non-ionic polymers (carbopol, HPMC).The fabricated patches were prepared by solvent casting method.  The mean thicknesses of the buccal patch formulations were 0.34 – 0.43 mm. Moisture uptake of transdermal patches were found to be 2.94-4.13.which prevents the patches from microbial growth and bulkiness. As amount of PVP increased in every polymer blend, tensile strength and elongation at break were increased. Addition of PVP predominantly decreased the swelling characteristics of the buccal patches, except for SCMC. The drug content of the prepared bioadhesive buccal patches were found in the range of 91.4 - 98.54 %.Bioadhesive strength of buccal patches in following order SCMC >Carbopol>HPMC. The release of Timolol maleate from HPMC patches was slower than SCMC and CP 934.As PVP concentration increased, dissolution rate increases among all polymers. For determination of λmax the solution of the timolol maleate was subjected to ultraviolet scanning in the rage 200 to 400 nm. The λmax was found to be at 294 nm .The pH of formulations was found to be 6.8 - 7.5 which is within the limit of semisolid specifications. The folding endurance of BP formulations was found to be 296 – 325.The results indicated that all formulations were flexible and soft. Bioadhesive buccal patches containing SCMC, HPMC and Carbopol showed a zero order drug release.

The aim of this study was increasing the bioavailability of poorly water soluble, atorvastatin calcium (ATC) via preparation of solid dispersion then incorporating it in floating tablets for oral use. Physical mixtures of ATC were prepared by mixing the appropriate amounts of ATC and carriers (PVP k-2000, PEG 6000 and skimmed milk) in geometric proportions using a mortar and pestle, until a homogeneous mixture was obtained. Solid dispersions of ATC with all carriers   were prepared at ratios of (1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7 and 1:9 drug to carrier ratio w/w) by three methods, kneading method, solvent evaporation and melting method. Evaluation of solid dispersion was done by studying the phase solubility, in-vitro dissolution, FTIR spectroscopy, DSC and X-ray powder diffractometry. The selected solid dispersion formulation was incorporated in floating tablets which were prepared by melting granulation method. Evaluation of floating tablets was done by determination of tablet thickness, diameter, weight uniformity, content uniformity, hardness, friability, in-vitro dissolution, in-vitro buoyancy in addition to bioavailability studies. PEG 6000, PVP k-2000 and skimmed milk increased the solubility of ATC by 180, 290 and 1200 folds, respectively. Solid dispersion prepared using PEG 6000 (S2, 1:3 drug: polymer ratio) gave the highest % drug released than PVP k-2000 and skimmed milk. Floating tablet formulation (T1) showed the best drug dissolution rate which is 102.18% after 24 h. Bioavailability results showed that floating tablets containing ATC solid dispersion is effectively used for treatment of hyperlipedmia. Floating tablets contained PEG 6000 solid dispersion reduced the % of TC, TGS and LDL by 58.46, 32.00 and 91.21 %, respectively while the percent of HDL was raised by 11.11%.

An attempt was made to formulate and evaluate the Nebivolol HCl transdermal drug delivery system. The matrix type films were prepared by using solvent casting technique with polymers HPMC 15cps,PVP K-30,Eudragit RL100 and Methyl cellulose 15cps.Propylene glycol was used as plasticizer. The prepared films were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics such as thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, % moisture uptake and % moisture loss. The drug excipient compatibility was determined by Fourier Transform Infra red Spectroscopy. The results revealed that there were no interaction between drug and selected polymers. In vitro permeation studies were performed in Franz diffusion cell using commercial semi permeable membrane. Ex vivo studies were performed using skin of albino rats. Biological studies such as skin irritation test and % drug diffusion studies were carried out by using rabbits. Drug content varied from 73.72 ± 0.1to 95.4±0.15%. Moisture content and moisture uptake were increased for patches containing higher amount of HPMC due to its hydrophilic nature. The batch F4 (HPMC 1.5%, PVP 0.5%) had shown drug release for 24 h to the extent of 86.87% and drug release followed zero order release kinetics which was of non-Fickaian type of diffusion. The results of ex vivo and in vivo studies were well correlated with in vitro diffusion studies

  Solid dispersion is a widely accepted technique for enhancing the dissolution rate of poorly soluble BCS class II drugs. In the present study starch phosphate- a new modified starch, PVP and PEG 4000 were evaluated as a carriers in solid dispersions for enhancing the dissolution rate and efficiency of nimesulide, a BCS class II drug. Their individual and combined (interaction) effects in enhancing the dissolution rate and dissolution efficiency of nimesulide were evaluated in a 23- factorial study. Among the individual effects PEG 4000 gave highest enhancement in the dissolution rate of nimesulide (14.23 fold), followed by starch phosphate (11.34 fold). Addition of PVP and PEG 4000 to the solid dispersions in starch phosphate has further enhanced the dissolution rate upto 75.70 fold and dissolution efficiency upto 26.67 fold.   Key words: Solid dispersions, Nimesulide, Starch Phosphate, PVP, PEG 4000, Factorial Study.