Optimization

The purpose of this study was selection of most influential variable for the preparation of prolonged release nanoparticulate formulation by desolvation method for diltiazem hydrochloride with bioadhesive polymer gelatin. Formulation and processing variables which effect various response variables were studied by a Taguchi design. Independent variables studied were the amount of polymer, amount of glutaraldehyde, amount of Poloxamer 237, acetone addition rate, pH, stirring time and stirring speed. The dependent variables considered were the particle size, polydispersity index, amount of drug released in 6 h, time required to release 60 % of drug, mucoadhesiveness, entrapment efficiency and loading efficiency. Pareto charts showed that the two significant factors affecting the response variables were amount of glutaraldehyde and amount of polymer.

The Developed RP- HPLC method allows rapid and precise determinations of Cefixime  and Paracetamol. The scope of the present work is to expand and optimization of the chromatographic conditions and to develop RP-HPLC method. A series of mobile phases and columns were tried, among the various mobile phases, Buffer: Acetonitrile (65:35A) (PH-3.5) as an ideal mobile phase, since it gave a good resolution and peak shapes with perfect optimization. The flow rate was optimized at 1 ml/min. The Linearity and correlation coefficient of Cefixime and Paracetamol was found to be 0.999, and 0.999 respectively. Precision was performed and % RSD for Cefixime and Paracetamol were found to be 1.17% and 1.32% respectively. Three concentrations 50%, 100%, 150%, were injected in a triplicate manner and amount recovered and % Recovery was found to be 100%. Limit of detection was calculated by standard deviation method Cefixime and Paracetamol and LOD for Cefixime and Paracetamol were found to be 0.03and 0.02 respectively. Limit of Quantification was calculated by standard deviation method Cefixime and Paracetamol and LOQ for Cefixime and Paracetamol were found to be 0.08 and 0.06 respectively. Small deliberate changes in method like flow rate, mobile phase ratio, and temperature are made but there were no recognized change in the result and are within range as per ICH Guide lines. The average % Assay was calculated and found to be 100.46% and 99.84% for Cefixime and Paracetamol respectively. Hence, the chromatographic method developed for Cefixime and paracetamol is said to be rapid, simple, specific, sensitive, precise, accurate and reliable that can be effectively applied for routine analysis in research institutions, quality control department in Industries, approved testing laboratories, Bio-pharmaceutics and Bio-equivalence studies and in clinical pharmacokinetic studies.

Fast dissolving oral films (FDOFs) are the most advanced form of oral solid dosage form due to more flexibility and comfort. Fast dissolving film is a dosage form which when placed in the oral cavity, quickly gets hydrated, sticks onto the site of application and then disintegrates to release the drug. Fast dissolving oral films of isosorbide mononitrate were prepared by solvent casting method. Optimization was carried out to study the effect of independent variables (different polymer and plasticizer concentration) such as HPMC E5 and HPMC E50 as polymer and PEG 400 as a plasticizer on the dependent variables like T90% (sec), in-vitro disintegration time (sec) & % moisture absorption (%). Design expert software (version 8.0.1.6) was used to optimize the formulation. Prepared films were subjected to different evaluation parameters such as surface pH, weight uniformity, thickness of strip, % moisture absorption, % moisture loss, swelling index, drug content, in-vitro disintegration time, in-vitro drug release, stability studies and mechanical properties like folding endurance, tensile strength.

The present study was made an attempt to optimize the growth parameters of the halobacteria for the mass scale production of carotenoids. The results suggested that, the pigmented KP2 showed maximum carotenoids production at 40ºC, 20% NaCl, pH 7, 1.5% sucrose, 1% beef extract, 1.5% manganese chloride and 1.5% proline. The KT2 showed maximum carotenoids production at 30ºC, 20% NaCl, pH 7, 0.5% glucose, 1.5% beef extract, 0.5% manganese chloride and 1% proline. Moreover, the KT3 showed maximum carotenoids production at 20ºC, 20% NaCl, pH 7, 1.5% sucrose, 0.5% beef extract, 1.5% copper sulphate and 0.5% proline. The identification of individual carotenoids was done by using thin layer chromatography through standard Rf value and the results suggested that, all the pigmented halobacteria contains three different carotenoids viz., bacterioruberin, mono-anhydrobacterioruberin and squalene. It is concluded from the present study that, the optimization of the microbial growth parameters of the halobacteria isolated from the saltpan of Kanyakumari district could be used for the mass scale production of pigmented carotenoids. 

Tablet coating is perhaps one of the oldest pharmaceutical processes still in existence. The sugar-coating process was a skilled manipulative operation and could last for even five days. The operator must be highly skilled for such coating. In the last 25 years tablet coating has undergone several fundamental changes. Many modifications were advocated to improve the basic process and film coating chosen in place of sugar coating. Coating solution composition may affect the quality of final coated tablets. Some coating process parameters are affect the final quality of coated tablets so it is necessary to optimize the coating process parameters for particular equipment and particular film former. Optimization of composition of film coating solution is also required.

The objective of the current study was to develop and optimize an orally disintegrating tablet formulation of Metoprolol tartrate which is an effective drug in the treatment of hypertension. Metoprolol tartrate orally disintegrating tablets were prepared by direct compression method using different ingredients such as Mannitol, Microcrystalline cellulose, Aspartame, Crospovidone, Sodium starch glycolate, Croscarmellose sodium, Powder flavours Strawberry, peppermint & orange, Colloidal silicon dioxide and Magnesium stearate. Tablets were evaluated for the physical properties, out of which disintegration time and wetting time were considered as responses in a 32 full factorial experimental plan. Results were statistically examined using design expert software and polynomial mathematical equations; found to be statistically significant (p