Lipid peroxidation

Diabetes, the world largest metabolic disorder has become a serious threat to public health. The management of diabetes by synthetic drugs causes many unwanted complications. Hence this study was designed to explore the root Salep of Gymnadenia orchidis Lindl against type-2 diabetes to achieve a complications free herbal treatment for the disease. The Streptozotocin (STZ) induced-diabetic rats were supplemented with root Salep orally daily at an effective dose (200 mg/ g of body weight). The body weights and fasting blood glucose levels were measured periodically for 32 days.  After treatment period, the animals were sacrificed and glycosylated haemoglobin, lipid profiles, antioxidant enzymes levels, liver function enzymes etc. were determined. Phytochemically determined terpenoids was extracted from the root and orally supplemented (4 mg/g body weight) to the induced-diabetic animals. Normalization of fasting blood glucose levels, significant (P<0.001) decrement of glycosylated haemoglobin percentage, liver enzymes activities and increase body weights and anti-oxidants levels were noted for the Salep supplemented diabetic rats. Terpenoids played the key role in such observations. The root Salep of Gymnadenia orchidis Lindl or its terpenoids may be used as potentially herbal therapeutic agent for long term and effective solution against type-2 diabetes mellitus.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Chromolaena odorata (C.odorata) and Boerhavia erecta (B.erecta) on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in Lead acetate-induced Nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats. The rats of the nephrotoxicity control group 2 were administered lead-acetate 10mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally in 3 days once for 15 days. In nephrotoxicity rats, Oral treatment with C.odorata, B.erecta at a daily dose of (500 mg/kg b.wt) and silymarin (25 mg/kg b.wt) groups (3, 4 and 5) for last 15 days. The Lead-acetate-induced rats showed increase in the level of lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum and kidney. Oral treatment with C.odorata, B.erecta and silymarin in nephrotoxicity induced rats showed significantly decrease in the levels of kidney and serum lipid peroxidation and significant (p

The present study investigates protective effects of Rosmarinus officinalis on oxidative stress and cardiac markers in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction in rats. METHOD: Male albino wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=6). Group I received 0.5% CMC treated as normal control group. Group II received isoproterenol (85 mg/kg body weight .s.c) for two consecutive days (29th and 30th days). Group III received combination of Rosmarinus officinalis (100 mg/kg) intragastric intubation for 30 days. Group IV rats received combination of Rosmarinus officinalis as in Group III and additionally isoproterenol was given for two consecutive days (29th and 30th days). Induction of rats with ISO resulted in a well-marked elevation in lipid peroxidation and cardiac marker enzymes whereas, antioxidant activities were significantly reduced. Rosmarinus officinalis in resulted in significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and cardic marker enzymes. In addition, significant elevation of antioxidant activities was also observed in Rosmarinus officinalis in treated rats. When compared to the individual treatment groups. These findings conclude that Rosmarinus officinalis exhibited the protective effect of ISO induced myocardial infarction in rats.

Constant production of unstable molecules in the body beyond a limit result in severe damage of cell proteins, DNA, lipids etc. These set of species are free radicals which try to acquire stable configuration by snatching away the electrons from the surrounding molecules thereby resulting in a chain reaction. This leads to oxidative stress which is a starting point for various life threatening diseases. Coloured Petri-Net (CPN) on the other hand is a modelling tool which is suited and used for synchronization, concurrency and message passing as it is a graphical modelling language. This paper presents a modelling set up of reactions caused by free radicals using CPN tool.

The indiscriminate usage of various types of pesticides in the modern world has led to serious environmental hazards, threatening the survival of mankind. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of cypermethrin, a widely used synthetic pyrethroids pesticide, on antioxidant enzymatic defense system and lipid peroxidation in different organs of fresh water fish, Cyprinus carpio. Fishes were exposed to sub lethal concentration of cypermethrin for three different durations, 7, 14 and 21 days and were sacrificed 24 hrs after the exposure. The enzyme estimations were performed in gills, liver and brain by standard spectrophotometric methods and the values were compared with the controls. The activity of catalase was increased in gills and brain and decreased in the liver. The activity of superoxide dismutase was increased in gills and liver in all the durations and decreased in the brain. Glutathione peroxidase was decreased in all the three organs. In all the three organs, glutathione reductase and glutathione-s-transferase activity was significantly reduced. A significant increase in lipid peroxidation was observed in the liver, gills and brain of the fish following exposure to cypermethrin. In all the three organs studied the influence of cypermethrin was found to be exposure of time dependent.

In the current investigation, we have assessed the nephroprotective activity of the 70% ethanolic extract of Tecoma stans leaves (EETSL) against cisplatin, gentamicin and paracetamol (nephrotoxicants) induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Nephrotoxicity is confirmed by elevated kidney weight, blood urea, serum creatinine, lipid peroxidation (LPO), decreased tissue glutathione (GSH) and body weight levels at the administered doses. The ethanolic extract produced reduction in kidney weight, blood urea, serum creatinine, LPO levels and reversed the depleted GSH levels and body weight. This is further confirmed by histopathological studies. The results of the present study reveals that the ethanolic extract of Tecoma stans leaves significantly inhibited the cisplatin, gentamicin and paracetamol induced renal damage in rats and this may be attributed to its antioxidant properties. Key words: Tecoma stans, Lipid peroxidation, GSH, Cisplatin, Gentamicin, Paracetamol, Renal injury.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Passiflora nepalensis Smith. (Passifloraceae) ripe fruits in various systems. The free radical scavenging potential was studied by using different antioxidants models of screening using vitamin C (5mM) as standard. About 200, 400, 600 & 800 μg/ml methanolic extract inhibited the FeSO4 induced lipid peroxidation in a dose dependent manner and showed IC50 value 510 ± 2.59μg/ml. The methanolic fraction at 800 μg/ml exhibited significant antioxidant activity in ferrous sulphate induced lipid peroxidation and Superoxide scavenging models with simultaneous improvement in hepatic glutathione (10.22 ± 0.2333µg GSH/mg of wet tissue) and catalase levels (136.27 ± 0.4867µM of H2O2 consumed /min/mg tissue) compared to standard group. The results suggest that the methanolic extract of Passiflora nepalensis Smith. Fruits play an important role in the modulation of oxidative stress. Key Words: Passiflora nepalensis Smith. Antioxidant activity, Lipid peroxidation, Ripe Fruit Extract.

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Lepidium sativum (Garden cress) seed powder (3.0g/kg) was evaluated on diabetes and oxidative stress built up in alloxan induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Experimental animals were divided into six groups comprising of six animals each. Animals were supplemented with isoenergic diets (~3600) for a period of 45 days. Hyperlipidemia was induced by feeding high fat high cholesterol diet and diabetes was induced by single injection of alloxan (150mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally. High fat feeding and alloxan induced diabetes resulted in marked alterations in blood glucose, lipid profile and antioxidant status in blood serum and hepatic tissue of albino rats. Garden cress treated rats showed a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in fasting blood glucose levels (FBG); glycosylated haemoglobin (Hb A1C %); lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and lipoprotein fractions (Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C)) with a significant increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (HDL-C). A significant increase (p≤0.05) in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels with concomitant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzyme activity was also observed in diabetic control and HFHC diet fed experimental rats. Lepidium sativum neutralized the effect and restored the levels. Lepidium sativum seed powder thus lends credence for the prevention and management of diabetes mellitus and related complications. Key words: Lepidium Sativum, Garden Cress, Alloxan, Antihyperglycaemic, Antihyperlipidemic, Oxidative stress, Blood glucose, Lipid peroxidation