Flavonoids

Achillea millefolium L. typically known as Yarrow is an interminable herb neighborhood to North America, Northern Asia, and Southern Europe. Plant Belongs to family Asteraceae, which have diverse restorative repairing properties for human life. A. millefolium contains dynamic constituents like are luteolin, quercetin, apigenin, artemetin, betonicine, stachydrine, trigonelline, palmitic destructive linoleic destructive, aspartic destructive, glutamic destructive, camphor, linalool, azulene, chamazulene, sabinene, achillin, 1,8-cineole and various others. The objective of this work was search the closeness of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, antraquinones, antraquinonic and cardiovascular glycosides in leaves of A. millefolium created at the "Horto de Plantas Medicinais e Tóxicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara-UNESP, São Paulo" through depiction reactions. In A. millefolium leaves the specific depiction reactions for alkaloids, antraquinonic and heart glycosides and antraquinones presented negative results. A bit of the depictions performed for flavonoids showed positive reactions. The closeness of thick and hydrolyzable tannins similarly as saponins was portrayed. Considering the delayed consequences of phytochemical screening, the antibacterial activity of the A. millefolium leaves separate was surveyed, yet showed negative results.

Flavonoids (polyphenols) do have their entire sort of insulin inception like action genetically on β- cells of islets of langerhans, and then decline blood glucose level to an optimum. Researches over few flavonoids like diosmin, fisetin, morin, hesperidin, naringenin etc., perceived to have insulin secreting and utilizing action in pancreatic cells and peripheral tissues glucose respectively. For this reason only, exploitation of these polyphenols in treating diabetes is highly beneficial, and it is rarely pronounced on its experimental front in recent times. Though vincristine (vincristine tablets) a natural alkaloid obtained from periwinkle plant has been contemporary, in place for treating Hodgkin’s lymphoma clinically, and found to be the most successful modern medicine. Similarly, may be flavonoids do have a very huge potential, for treating diabetes clinically with therapeutic significance, if the area of interest of flavonoids focused on diabetic management. At the same time as, fundamental research performed on these flavonoids suggests that, the flavonoids mechanisms of action are manifold. Typically mechanisms of flavonoids on glucose metabolisms are insulin uptake in skeletal muscles, regulating rate-limiting enzymes in carbohydrate metabolic pathways, insulin mimetic and secretagogue action. Hence, in this hypothesis we suggest that, managing diabetes and its complications with one or more flavonoids as a novel dosage form, having various facets of glucose metabolism regulation with regards to insulin secretion, mimic and utilization, as it would be a novel approach in treating diabetes.

The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of ellagic acid on physical and biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in tissues of streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetes in wistar rats. Diabetes was induced in wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (45mg/kg body weight). STZ-induced diabetic rats showed a significant increase in kidney weight, food intake, water intake, blood urea, serum uric acid and creatinine and a significant decrease in body weight, liver weight, plasma total protein and albumin when compared to normal rats. Oral administration of ellagic acid (50 and 100 mg/kg) in STZ-induced diabetic rats for a period of 35 days significantly improved body weight and reduced food intake and water intake when compared with diabetic control rats. Ellagic acid administration in STZ-induced diabetic rats restored the liver and kidney weight and also the biochemical parameters to near normal when compared to diabetic control rats. The results of the present study clearly show the preventive role of ellagic acid in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Results obtained from histopathological studies also supported the anti-diabetic effect of ellagic acid in STZ- induced diabetes.

  This review brings out some medicinal plants that have therapeutic potential due to the presence of natural antioxidants. Majority of their antioxidant activity is due to bioactive compounds viz. Flavonoids and Polyphenolic compounds. The Present research reveals that Flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds activity have important effects on cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. Numerous mechanisms of action have been recognized, along with inactivation cancer, antiproliferation, and cell cycle arrest, stimulation of apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. This work has particularly enhanced the function of antioxidants activity of Flavonoids for cancer research. Key word: Flavonoids, Antioxidant, Free radical and Cancer research