Sachin

A liposome is a microscopic vesicle consisting of an aqueous core enclosed in one or more phospholipid layers, used to convey vaccines, drugs, enzymes, or other substances to target cells or organs. Liposomes are bilayered structures made of amphipathic (both hydrophobic and hydrophilic) phospholipids/cholesterol that spontaneously form closed structures when hydrated in aqueous solutions. Liposomes are acceptable and superior carriers having ability to encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs and protect them from degradation. Topical liposomes have similarity to biological membranes they can store water-soluble and lipophilic substances in their different phases. Moreover, they are similar to the epidermis with respect to their lipid composition, which enables them to penetrate the epidermal barrier to a greater extent compared to other dosage forms. According to studies performed so far liposomes are biodegradable and non-toxic. The really new aspect with liposomes is that they are thought to act not only as drug transporters but also drug localizers. Thus vehicles can transport drugs to the wanted site of action within the skin by preventing systemic absorption and consecutively unwanted effects. The liposomal semisolid formulations could perform therapeutically better effects than the conventional formulations, as prolonged and controlled release topical dosage forms, which may lead to improved efficiency and better patient compliance. Such review giving an emphasis on topically applied liposomal formulations which encompasses methods of preparation, evaluation, mechanisms for enhancement in drug delivery through the skin and regulatory requirements necessitates as topical dosage form.

A Reversed-Phase Ultra Performance liquid Chromatographic (RP-UPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Ciprofloxacin HCL, Doxycycline Hyclate  and Phenazopyridine HCL in tablet dosage form. The analysis was carried out using Acquity UPLC, BEH C–18, 50 X 2.1, 1.7µ column. Mobile phase, containing 0.05 M Ammonium Acetate Buffer: Methanol (50:50) pH adjusted to 4 with Ortho-phosphoric acid was pumped at a flow rate of 1mL/min with UV-detection at 278,350,378 nm Respectively. Retention time was 0.90 ± 0.01 min, 1.60±0.02 min & 4.17±0.01 min. for Ciprofloxacin HCL, Doxycycline and Phenazopyridine HCL respectively. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, and specificity. The method showed good linearity in the range 20, 50, 80,100, 120, 150, 200 ppm. The % R.S.D for precision and accuracy of the method was found to be less than 2%. The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. The method was successfully applied for routine analysis of Ciprofloxacin HCL, Doxycycline and Phenazopyridine HCL in combined tablet dosage form.

A simple precise, rapid, accurate and sensitive non-aqueous potentiometric titration method was developed for quantitative determination of oxolamine citrate from pharmaceutical dosage form. The titration was carried out using standardized 0.1 N perchloric acid. The proposed method was found to be precise with % RSD 0.99 ) between 20 % to 100 % of 100 mg of drug substance weight. The percentage recovery of oxolamine citrate in the optimized method was between 99.773 to 101.229 %. The method is also found to be rugged when checked by different analysts and using different lots of reagents and different makes of titrators.

Aerogel is world’s lightest material and drug delivery system. Aerogel having more than 15 entries in Guinness Book of the world’s record is very low density solid state gel which is derived by replacing the dispersion phase of gel with gas. Aerogels are prepared by sol-gel process to extract liquid component of gel through super-critical drying. This allows the liquid removed without causing the solid matrix in gel to collapse due to capillary action. Aerogel possesses some properties like lowest density, lowest optical index of reflection, lowest electric constant and highest specific surface area. Materials used for preparation of aerogel include silica, metal oxides, organic and biological polymers, carbon nanotubes etc. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic gels can be prepared. Solvents used for preparation of gel are explosive so, they are replaced by non inflammable liquid carbon dioxide. Applications of aerogel are very wide. Aerogels are used as a composite, as an absorbent, as a sensor, as a catalyst, as a thermal insulator, for improving dissolution properties of some drugs etc.

  The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate gastroretentive effervescent floating  matrix  tablet of two anti-asthmatic drugs, Salbutamol sulphate and Theophylline which are often indicated for the management of asthma, their frequent dosing may reduce compliance, thus making a prolonged release formulation necessary. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation method using Hydroxy propyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a release retardant agent and sodium bicarbonate and Citric acid as a gas-generating agents. The prepared granules showed satisfactory flow properties and compressibility. Formulations were evaluated for in vitro drug release profile and swelling characteristics. The similarity factor and dissolution kinetics were used as parameters for selection of the best batch. The result of formulation C7 batch showed the best result and was found to extend the release of Salbutamol Sulphate and Theophylline upto 12 hr. and was found to be comparable with marketed sustained released tablet Theoasthalin SR (Cipla). The in- vitro drug release followed Korsemeyer-Peppas kinetics and the drug release mechanism was found to be of anomalous type i.e, swelling and diffusion.

  A simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric method was developed in ultraviolet region for the estimation of Glibenclamide in pure drug, pharmaceutical formulation. Linear response obtained was in the concentration range of 5-30µg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.999 in acetronitrile: 0.2M NaOH (20:80). Excellent recovery proved that the method was sufficiently accurate. There is no interference from any common pharmaceutical additives and diluents. Results of the analysis were validated by recovery studies according to ICH Q2B guidelines. Key words: Glibenclamide, UV- Spectrophotometry, recovery, accuracy.