Mohan S

Experimentally determined values of density ( ?), viscosity (?) and ultrasonic velocity   (u) have been measured for the binary liquid mixture toluene and 1,2 dichloroethane at 313.15K. From these data the thermodynamic parameters such as isentropic compressibility (bs), intermolecular interaction (Lf), available volume (Va), molar volume (Vm) , nissan’s parameter (d) and their excess values have been computed using the standard relations. The results are explained in terms of the existence of intermolecular interaction between the components in the binary liquid mixture.

In this current research work the nanoparticles containing Cyclophosphamide using natural Gumghatti as a polymer has been formulated for the enhanced anticancer activity. The nanoprecipitation method has been utilized for the preparation of Cyclophosphamide comprising natural Gumghatti as polymer. The prepared nanoparticles have shown the average particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of 143.4 nm, 0.16 and 28.5 mV respectively. Further the encapsulation efficiency, percentage drug loading and percentage yield for all the formulations were substantial, especially for the trial 6 the values observed were 93.56, 83.55 and 76.54 respectively. The invitro release of Cyclophosphamide Gumghatti nanoformulations and were determined by dissolution tester by USP apparatus II in 900ml phosphate buffer pH 6.8. The dissolution media were maintained at 37±0.5°C with a paddle rotation speed at 50 rpm. The amount of drug used was equivalent to 15 mg at specified time intervals (5, 10 15, 20, 25 30 60, 90 and 120 minutes.) The results shows that prepared nanoparticles having 98.53 % of drug release in 120 minutes, further it indicates more than 95 % of drug release in 2 hours. Invivo anticancer activity has been performed using Swiss albino mice, the results indicated that the enhanced anticancer activity of the prepared nanoformulations.

Flavonoids (polyphenols) do have their entire sort of insulin inception like action genetically on β- cells of islets of langerhans, and then decline blood glucose level to an optimum. Researches over few flavonoids like diosmin, fisetin, morin, hesperidin, naringenin etc., perceived to have insulin secreting and utilizing action in pancreatic cells and peripheral tissues glucose respectively. For this reason only, exploitation of these polyphenols in treating diabetes is highly beneficial, and it is rarely pronounced on its experimental front in recent times. Though vincristine (vincristine tablets) a natural alkaloid obtained from periwinkle plant has been contemporary, in place for treating Hodgkin’s lymphoma clinically, and found to be the most successful modern medicine. Similarly, may be flavonoids do have a very huge potential, for treating diabetes clinically with therapeutic significance, if the area of interest of flavonoids focused on diabetic management. At the same time as, fundamental research performed on these flavonoids suggests that, the flavonoids mechanisms of action are manifold. Typically mechanisms of flavonoids on glucose metabolisms are insulin uptake in skeletal muscles, regulating rate-limiting enzymes in carbohydrate metabolic pathways, insulin mimetic and secretagogue action. Hence, in this hypothesis we suggest that, managing diabetes and its complications with one or more flavonoids as a novel dosage form, having various facets of glucose metabolism regulation with regards to insulin secretion, mimic and utilization, as it would be a novel approach in treating diabetes.

Green synthesis of nanoparticles is eye catching area of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It involve development of clean, biocompatible, non-toxic and eco-friendly methods for nanoparticles synthesis as compared to conventional method like physical and chemical which are often toxic. In the  present scenario variety of nanoparticles with well-defined chemical compositions, sizes and morphology have been synthesized using different microorganisms and their applications in various cutting-edge technological areas have been explored. This review highlights the recent developments of the biosynthesis mechanisms of different types of nanoparticles using bacteria. Nanoparticles have been used in diagnosis, treatment, drug delivery, medical device coating, wound dressings, medical textiles, contraceptive devices, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory etc. Future prospects for synthesis of nanoparticles using bacteria have also been discussed.

A specific and accurate reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination Ebastine (EBA) and Montelukast Sodium (MONTE) in Combined dosage forms. The analysis was carried out using Phenomenex  C18, column (250 mm × 4.6 mm id, 5 µm particle size) with Mobile phase consisting of  Methanol : Phosphate buffer (65:35 v/v) pH 5.0+0.05 was  pumped at a flow rate was 1.0 ml/ min and  Quantification was achieved with photodiode array (PDA) detection at 261 nm over the concentration range of 10 - 50 µg/mL for ebastine & Montelukast Sodium  with mean recovery of 100.32 ± 0.85 % and 100.15 ± 0.94 % for Ebastine and Montelukast Sodium, respectively. These methods were found to be simple, sensitive, accurate, precise and economical and applicable for the simultaneous determination of Ebastine & Montelukast Sodium in combined dosage form.

The manuscript describes validated Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of Perindopril Erbumine and Indapamide in combined dosage form. The RP-HPLC separation was achieved on Intersil ODS C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particle size) at 40oC using mobile phase Acetonitrile : Acid Phthalate Buffer (pH 3.0 ± 0.05) (50 :50, v/v) at flow rate 1.0 mL/min. Quantification was achieved with photodiode array (PDA) detection at 240 nm over the concentration range of 10 - 50 µg/mL for Perindopril Erbumine and 3 - 15 µg/mL for Indapamide with mean recovery of 100.09 ± 0.52 % and 100.13 ± 0.09 % for Perindopril Erbumine and Indapamide, respectively. These methods were found to be simple, sensitive, accurate, precise and economical and applicable for the simultaneous determination of Perindopril Erbumine and Indapamide in combined dosage form.

The manuscript describes validated simultaneous equation method for the simultaneous estimation of Amlodipine Besylate and Indapamide in combined dosage form. Simultaneous equation method was based on the estimation of both the drugs at two wavelengths i.e. absorption maxima of both drugs. An absorption maxima of Amlodipine besylate was 240 nm and absorption maxima of Indapamide was 215 nm in methanol. The linearity was obtained over the concentration range of 10 – 30 µg/mL for amlodipine besylate and 2 – 10 µg/mL for Indapamide with mean recovery of 99.45 ± 0.84 % and 99.46 ± 0.33 % for Amlodipine Besylate and Indapamide, respectively. These methods were found to be simple, sensitive, accurate, precise and economical and applicable for the simultaneous determination of Amlodipine Besylate and Indapamide in combined dosage form.

A simple, rapid, accurate, precise and reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the estimation of Risperidone and Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride was determined using reversed-phase liquid chromatography method using ODS Hypersil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm id, 5μm as a stationary Phase and Methanol : Acetonitrile : Acetate Buffer (pH 4.0) (70 : 20 : 10, v/v/v) as a mobile phase pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Quantification was achieved with ultraviolet detection at 214 nm over concentration ranges of 2-20 μg/ml for Risperidone and 1-10 μg/ml for Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride with mean accuracy 101.02 ± 0.19 and 101.3 ± 0.38 %, for Risperidone & Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride respectively. The method was successively applied to tablet dosage forms as no chromatographic interferences from the tablet excipients were observed. The method retained its accuracy and precision when the standard addition technique was applied.

In the last few decades there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine. Herbal medicines have been the basis of treatment and cure for various diseases and physiological conditions in traditional methods of practice such as Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha. Medicinal components from plants play an important role in conventional as well as western medicine. They were the sole source of active principles capable of curing man’s ailments. Thus natural products have been a major source of drugs for centuries. Mimusops elengi, commonly called ‘Bakul’ is a medicinally important plant of family sapotaceae. All parts of the plant including stem, bark, leaves, fruit, root and seeds in all stages of their maturity have medicinal properties. Taking into consideration the medicinal importance of the plant, the present review has made to explore the phytochemical and pharmacological potential of Mimusops elengi.