Mandya

In the recent year colonic drug delivery has gained importance for delivery of drug for the treatment of local diseases associated with colon and systemic delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins. Treatment could be more effective if it is possible for drug to be directly delivered to colon. During the last decade there are new developments in site-specific formulations for targeting drug to the colon. Colon has proved to be a site for the absorption of poorly soluble drugs. Micro carriers as colon drug delivery System has gained importance for the delivery of the drug in the colon because of their increase biocompatibility, controlled release of drug and higher stability. This review is discusses in brief about introduction to colon, Micro Carrier as colon drug delivery system. Oral delivery is still the most favorable route of drug administration, especially for chronic therapies where repeated administration of drug is required. Oral administration offers less pain, good patient convenience and reduced risk of cross infection and needle stick injuries.

Ruta graveolens is a delicate plant until it is called as herb of grace. It is easily wither if it is happen to be touched with impure hands. In India it is considered as one of the sacred  plants .It has special fragrance .The leaves are bitter in taste .In Tamil it is called as Aruvatham patchai, and it is called as sada pillai as per siddha system of medicine , in Malayalam it is called as aruthu means no(Number), In Sanskrit it is called as santhapa,[KR Raman]. This plant nowadays have been used commonly as an ornamental plants in houses and institutes and other public areas, the medicinal knowledge  behind this plant  are still lacking with  the people whose planting this plant, the answer is just they say for gardening. Even though   lot  of study  was already made on this plant which is mentioned in an different literature  and books .The aim of this study is to bring out  some of the important traditional uses  and also to promote this plant for the  cognitive dysfunction which is recommended by personal  experience.

Density functional theory (DFT) and Time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations have been carried out to study the electronic structure and the UV absorption spectra of Tolperisone. The UV spectra have been investigated with inclusion of solvent effect. The B3LYP functional with cc-pVDZ basis sets have been used for geometry optimization and also to compute absorption energies. The solvent effects have been included using the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The vertical absorption energies both in gas phase and in polar solvents such as water, methanol and ethanol were computed. The absorption maximum both in gas phase and in polar solvents is discussed in terms of electrostatic interaction energy, oscillator strength and dipole moment.

Several pharmacological activities like antitubercular, analgesic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antiasthmatic, antioxidant and antibacterial activities have been attributed to pyrazoles. The above observations prompted us to synthesize some novel pyrazole derivatives as possible antimicrobial agents. A series of novel 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazole derivatives (P1-P15) have been synthesized by the reaction of substituted chalcones (C1-C15) with succinichydrazide. The starting material, chalcones were prepared by claisen Schmidt condensation of acetophenone with aldehydes in the presence of sodium hydroxide in ethanol. Succinichydrazide was synthesized by condensing succinic acid with hydrazine hydrate. The cycloaddition of chalcones with succinichydrazide gives 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazole derivatives. The structures of synthesized derivatives were confirmed by IR, 1HNMR and Mass spectrum. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. The antibacterial activity data of the synthesized derivatives revealed that the compound P4, P13 and P7, P14 were effective against gram positive and gram negative organisms respectively. The antifungal activity data revealed that the compound P7 and P8 showed good activity against tested fungi.

  Intravenous Incompatibilities are ‘undesirable reactions which occur when two are more drugs are administered through a single intravenous line or given in a single solution’, will leads to experience toxicity or an incomplete therapeutic effect in the patient.   Hence the present study mainly focused on clinical pharmacist assessment in intravenous admixtures administration.This study was an observational, prospective study method. When a single (drug solution) two or more drug (drug-drug solution compatibilities) administered directly into the infusion or in the same infusion line, the compatibility of the drug will be checked by using primary, secondary or tertiary resources. A one day workshop was conducted for the nursing professionals about intravenous incompatibilities for increasing the awareness and for providing of standardized nursing care services while administering of intravenous drugs. The results of this study showed that out of 145 combinations; 25 (17.24%) are compatible, 41 (28.28%) incompatible, 10 (6.9%) variable and 69 (47.58%) undocumented.  Comparative evaluation of pre and post test score percentage of 78 participants showed that,  ≤ 40 percentage score was observed in 37.18% in pre-evaluation test whereas only 5.13% was observed in the post-evaluation test, and interestingly  >80 percentage score was not found in the pre-evaluation test, whereas 7.69% participants  scored in the post-evaluation test . This study showed that Clinical Pharmacist assessment in intravenous admixture will helps in minimizing of incompatibilities ,  unidentified area research gaps , and also make the nurses  to aware about nursing care /precautions in intravenous administration. Key words: Intravenous admixtures, Incompatibilities, Clinical Pharmacist.

  Present investigation describes preparation of microspheres by solvent evaporation followed by in vitro characterization of microspheres to evaluate the effect of method of preparation on physical properties and drug release profile of microspheres. The microspheres were found to be discrete, spherical with free flowing properties. The morphology (Scanning Electron Microscopy), particle size distribution, entrapment efficiency and their release profiles were investigated. The yield was found to be maximum in case of solvent evaporation method. The microsphere prepared by solvent evaporation method was found in ranges of 250-50 μm, respectively. The microspheres formulation prepared by solvent evaporation method the drug carrier interactions were investigated in solid state by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy study. In vitro drug release rate for A microsphere was found to be sustained over 12 hours. Hence, it can be concluded that the Formulation prepared by solvent evaporation method, has potential to deliver Losartan Potassium in a controlled manner in a regular fashion over extended period of time in Comparison to all other formulations and can be adopted for a successful oral delivery of Losartan potassium for safe management of hypertension.

Floating drug delivery system is one of the novel drug delivery system. Floating drug delivery system have a bulk density less than gastric fluids and so remain buoyant in the stomach without affecting gastric emptying rate for a prolonged period of time. The aim of the present study was to develop floating microspheres of Rabeprazole sodium(RPS), which belong to class of proton pump inhibitor. Floating microspheres of Rabeprazole were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method using HPMC K15M and ethyl cellulose as polymer. Six different formulations were developed. The floating microsphere was evaluated for angle of repose, particle size, percentage yield, in vitro buoyancy, incorporation efficiency, drug polymer compatibility (IR study), scanning electron microscopy, drug release and DSC(Differential Scanning colorimetry), X-Ray Diffraction(XRD) of microsphere. Results show that as the concentration of polymer increases it affects the particle size, percentage yield, in vitro buoyancy and drug release of microsphere. Formulations prepared with HPMC K15M exhibited excellent Micromeritic properties, percentage yield, in vitro buoyancy, incorporation efficiency and percentage drug release when compared to ethyl cellulose polymer. Results of our present study suggest that floating microsphere of Rabeprazole sodium can be successfully designed to develop controlled drug delivery which can reduce dosing frequency thus this formulation can be considered as an alternative to conventional dosage forms. Key words: floating drug delivery systems, Rabeprazole sodium (RPS), incorporation efficiency, dosing frequency, DSC(Differential Scanning colorimetry)  X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

Several pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-microbial, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-viral activity have been attributed to tetrahydrocarbazole. The above observations prompted us to synthesize some novel tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives as possible anticancer agents. A series of novel tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives have been synthesized by the reaction of tetrahydrocarbazole with substituted aromatic aldehydes. The starting material, tetrahydrocarbazole were prepared by Fischer indolisation reaction of cyclohexanone with phenylhydrazine in the presence of acetic acid. The cycloaddition of tetrahydrocarcazole and substituted aromatic aldehydes gives tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives (A1-A10). The structures of synthesized derivatives were confirmed by IR, 1HNMR and Mass spectrum. The synthesized compounds were screened for their in-vitro anticancer activity. The anticancer activity data of the synthesized derivatives were found to be potent activity. Key words: Phenyl hydrazine, Cyclohexanone, Tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives, In-vitro anticancer activity.

Disadvantage in presently available synthetic drugs for inflammation is that they cause gastrointestinal irritation and reappearance of symptoms after discontinuation. Need for screening and development of novel, but better anti-inflammatory drugs and indigenous medicinal plants could be a logical source to find these. Herbal therapy is used to treat a large variety of ailment and symptoms, e.g., inflammation, fever and pain; however, there are no adequate experimental evidences about their effectiveness. The purpose of this investigation was study to the anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties of stem bark extract of Haldinia cordifolia in rats. Haldinia cordifolia (rubiaceae) has been extensively used in folk medicine for the treatment of ulcers, burns, fevers, antiseptic, diarrhoea and dysentery. The ethanolic extract of dried stem bark of Haldinia cordifolia was investigated for anti-inflammatory (carragenan induced rat paw oedema) and anti-pyretic (brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia) activities. Pre treatment with the extract (200 - 400 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly prevented increase in volume of paw oedema in dose dependent manner. Its effects on antipyretic activity were also significant and reduce fever at higher doses. In conclusion, this study has established the anti-inflammatory activity and antipyretic activity of Haldinia cordifolia and thus justifies the ethnic uses of the plant. Key words: Inflammation, Pyretic, Haldinia cordifolia, Ethanol, Carrageenan, Paw oedema.

The present study was carried out to monitor, estimate the prevalence and consequences of ADRs on treatment of TB and to assess causality, predictability, preventability and severity of the ADRs. A prospective observational and active surveillance study was conducted over a period of 9 months. Each reported ADR was assessed for its causality, severity, predictability and preventability as per standard algorithms. The management and outcome of ADRs were determined. A total of 128 ADRs (in 53 patients) were identified out of which the prevalence of ADRs in female was found to be 31.58% and 29.66% in male patients. The causality assessment by Naranjo’s scale showed that out of 128 ADR’s, 128 (100%) ADR’s were probable and based on WHO probability assessment scale 119(92.97%) were possible where as 9(7.03%) were probable. Preventability assessment showed that 125 (97.66%) were not preventable and 03 (2.34%) were definitely preventable. Severity Assessment by Modified Hartwig and Siegel Scale showed that 82 (64.06%) ADRs were mild and 46(35.94%) ADRs were moderate. 128(100%) were found to be predictable. Majority of the ADRs were recovered without giving symptomatic treatment. The study concluded that there is a need of a system for proper monitoring of ADRs caused by anti-TB drugs in RNTCP centre.  The counselling of patients for timely prevention, detection and management of ADRs will helps in further ADR occurrence minimisation.