Madhavi

The aim of the current study was to isolate mucilage from five different plants, which was done by maceration, followed by incorporating the extracted mucilage into a tablet formulation and to study its disintegrant property. Comparative results were obtained and varying degree of disintegrant action was observed among the five subject plant sources. It was found that Lepidum sativum seeds showed the highest yield of 12.5%w/w as compared to the remaining four plant products. Additionally, the disintegration time of tablets formulated from mucilage obtained from Lepidum sativum was found to be the least and the tablets disintegrated in 25 seconds. Mucilages are very hydrophilic and are capable of trapping water in their cage-like structures to form a gel. Consequently, when mucilage is mixed with water it swells to many times its original volume as it absorbs water1. Mucilages find applications in numerous pharmaceutical preparations and perform their role as disintegrants, sustained-release agents, binders, mucoadhesives, to name a few2.

The objective of the present investigation was to prepare colon targeted piroxicam loaded Eudragit S 100 microspheres and evaluate its properties. The microspheres were prepared by using "O/O solvent evaporation" technique. The formulation was optimized by investigating the influence of various process variables like stirring speed, drug: polymer ratio and percentage of emulsifier on the fabrication and the prepared microspheres were evaluated for in vitro properties. Piroxicam loaded Eudragit S 100 microspheres were successfully prepared using "O/O solvent evaporation" method. Microspheres prepared using 1:5 drug: polymer ratio, with a stirring speed of 1000 rpm, and 1.0% w/v concentration of emulsifying agent was selected as an optimized formulation. In vitro drug release were performed in pH 1.2 (0.1N HCl) for 2h and in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer for next 2h followed by 7 pH phosphate buffer up to 24 h. The release pattern of drug was slow at low pH values and increased on rise in pH. The drug release followed Higuchi model.

A simple, rapid, sensitive reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of ofloxacin and ornidazole, at single wavelength of 343nm.chromotographic separation was performed on an enable aligent zorabax(thermo) column(250nmx4.6mm ID particle size 5 um) and a  mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and buffer (600:4300v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min. the calibration curve was linear(r2≥0.0999) over the concentration range. 400-1200μg/mL of ofloxacin and 1000-3000μg/mL of ornidazole. the limit of detection 0.00246µg/ml  for ofloxacin  0.00508µg/ml for ornidazole and no interference was found by the excipients in the synthetic mixture. The proposed methods were validated for international conference on harmonization guideline for linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness for estimation of ofloxacin and ornidazole in bulk and synthetic mixture, and The results were found to be satisfactory

A simple, rapid, sensitive reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of Cefixime and linezolid ,at single wavelength of 263nm.chromotographic separation was performed on an enable aligent zorabax(thermo) column(250nmx4.6mm ID particle size 5 um) and a  mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water(70:30v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min. the calibration curve was linear(r2≥0.0999) over the concentration range. 400-1200μg/mL of cefixime and 1200-3600μg/mL of linezolid. the limit of quantification was 9.709µg/ml for Cefixime and  9.482µg/ml  for linezolid no interference was found by the excipients in the synthetic mixture. The proposed methods were validated for international conference on harmonization guidelines for linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness for estimation of Cefixime and linezolid in bulk and synthetic mixture, and the results were found to be satisfactory

Cefadroxil is a first generation cephalosporin antibiotic intended for oral administration. In the Present investigation, an attempt has been made to increase the therapeutic efficacy to reduce the frequency of administration and to improve the patient compliance by developing the sustained release matrix tablets of Cefadroxil by using direct compression method. Excipients like Xanthun gum, HPMC K 15 M, PVP K 30 are used as matrix polymers. MCC used as diluents, magnesium stearate as lubricant, and talc act as a glidant. The different excipients were tested for their compatibility with the drug Cefadroxil by using FTIR and DSC, which revealed that there was no chemical and physical interaction occurred. Then the Preformulation parameters like bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, and Hauser’s ratio were analyzed for prepared powder before compression. The thickness of best formulation CF9 is 3.5mm, hardness of best formulation CF9 is 3.6kg/cm2, friability of best formulation CF9 is 0.66%, weight variation of best formulation CF9 is 499±0.39.The In-vitro drug release were performed in the USP Apparatus (basket) using 0.1 N HCL as dissolution media at 50 rpm speed. The sample was done at periodic intervals of 1hr, 2hr, 3hr, 4hr, 5hr, and 6hrs and was replaced with equal volume of dissolution media to maintain the sink condition. The best In-vitro release shown by formula CF9 that is 95% .The results indicate that the selected formulation was stable during the period of accelerated stability studies. The optimized formulation CF9 compared with the marketed sample Cetil-500mg. Marketed sample in-vitro drug release is 98.85%. All evaluated formulations results were found to be satisfied.

Medication error is an essential variable to determine patient safety. So it is crucial to realize the bottle necks of care giving. Studies proved that the role of clinical pharmacist can attribute to positive outcomes in patient care. The main objective is to assess the impact of the interventions provided by clinical pharmacist in the medical wards. Secondary objectives comprise of evaluating the impact of intervention in the patients with renal failure, assessing the acceptance by physician and estimating the effect of intervention in cost saving. The set of interventions collected are regrouped into various categories like indications, safety, dosing and miscellaneous. Under each category, sub-categories are listed and their respective percentages are explained using pictorial representation. Also, the acceptance rate of the interventions by the physician is calculated. The cost saving accrued because of the interventions is estimated to look into to know how the role of clinical pharmacist can help the patients economically. The interventions are regrouped into: indication – 36.3 %; safety – 40.8 %; dosing – 16.03 % and miscellaneous – 6.8 %. Majority of the interventions are given for safety and the acceptance rate of the interventions by the physicians is high – 87.2 %. It is also found that 40 % of these interventions accrued to cost saving to the patients. There is a possibility of multiple benefits, by allotting a clinical pharmacist for every medical team in the ward. This strategy helps the patients to gain better health care and cost saving.

In this paper an attempt is made to prepare IPN beads of the drug by taking alginate solution in combination with a polymer (PVA/Kennel powder /Guar gum). The prepared copolymer solution is dropped in to 2% CaCl2. The beads are hardened by cross linking with a common cross-linking agent, glutaraldehyde. The beads are characterized by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally quality control tests such as swelling index, bead water uptake, entrapment efficiency and drug release studies are performed. The extent of cross-linking is studied in terms of the size and release characteristics of the beads. Most of the formulations indicated erosion based release pattern. The size of the beads ranged from 250 to 400 µm. The entrapment efficiency of the formulation ranged from 73.6% to 94.50%.  

The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate dispersible tablets of diltiazem HCl using direct compression method for enhanced patient compliance. Oro dispersible tablets prepared by using super disintegrants such as croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate. It was observed that all the formulations were acceptable with reasonable limits of standard required for oro dispersible tablets. It was concluded that dispersible tablets with enhanced dissolution rate can be made using selected super disintegrants.

Tablet coating is perhaps one of the oldest pharmaceutical processes still in existence. The sugar-coating process was a skilled manipulative operation and could last for even five days. The operator must be highly skilled for such coating. In the last 25 years tablet coating has undergone several fundamental changes. Many modifications were advocated to improve the basic process and film coating chosen in place of sugar coating. Coating solution composition may affect the quality of final coated tablets. Some coating process parameters are affect the final quality of coated tablets so it is necessary to optimize the coating process parameters for particular equipment and particular film former. Optimization of composition of film coating solution is also required.