antidiabetic drugs

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder emerging as a major health problem which increases the rate of morbidity and mortality.  The study was a prospective, cross sectional, observational study conducted on both inpatients and outpatients of a tertiary hospital in Bangalore, who were diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes mellitus after obtaining the approval from the institutional review board. A suitable data collection form was designed to collect and document the data pertaining to sociodemographic details, treatment , including costs for patients with Diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus was observed to be higher in patients in the age group of 45-64 years, affecting (61%) males and (48.02%) females. We observed that 44 (14.66%) patients were treated with insulin+oral hypoglycemic agents, 159 (53%) were treated with only Insulin while 97(32.66%) patients were prescribed only oral hypoglycemic agents. In our study average number of drugs per prescription was found to be 5.54 ±1.59, and average number of antidiabetic drugs was found to be 1.14±0.59. The mean prescription cost of inpatients for 5 days was found to be 679.24INR for diabetic drugs. For outpatients the mean prescription cost of antidiabetic drugs for 5 days was 98.73INR for antidiabetic drugs. This study has provided baseline data regarding the prescribing pattern in diabetes patients. The use of drugs on the essential medicine list to reduce the cost of treatment and to improve compliance of the patients must be encouraged.

Even today the most preferred delivery of drugs is still through oral route but because of some inherited limitations with this route, various other routes have been explored including transdermal. Delivery and complete absorption of the drugs is the major concern these days due to various reasons including poor solubility and incomplete bioavailability, this could be due to incomplete presystemic absorption or presystemic degradation. Transdermal drug delivery system is the method by which the drug absorption occurs through the skin primarily for its systemic effect. It provides better therapeutic efficacy and safety for the administration of insulin. Most of the oral anti-diabetic drug exhibit low bioavailability and hence a poor patient compliance. Hence, it can be used as better site for delivery of numerous drugs including proteins and peptides such as insulin.

An estimate of Serum protein binding (%SPB) is of paramount importance in assessing the efficacy of drugs used to treat diabetes in patients.  This study was conducted to develop Quantitative Structure Pharmacokinetic Relationship (QSPkR) for the prediction of %SPB in human for congeneric series of 23 antidiabetic drugs, using computer assisted Hansch approach.  The QSPkR correlations were duly analyzed using a battery of apt statistical  procedures and validated using leave-one-out (LOO) approach. Analysis of several hundreds of QSPkR correlations developed in this study revealed high degree of cross- validated coefficients (Q2) using LOO method (p