Diabetes

ABSTRACT: Hydroethanolic extract of Ricinus communis flowers was studied for treating diabetes induced oxidative stress in adult male swiss albino mice. The experimental animals were divided into four groups of seven mice each viz., Normal Control (NC), Diabetic Control (DC), Diabetic + R. communis Flower extract treated (FT) and Diabetic + Glibenclamide treated (GT). The groups DC, FT and GT were given a single intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg body weight). Alloxan administration induced destruction of beta cells, hampering production of insulin and aggravating blood glucose levels. It also resulted in over-production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and thus oxidative stress. Groups NC and DC received normal saline while FT was given Ricinus Communis Flower Extract (RCFE) at 300 mg/kg body weight and GT was treated with Glibenclamide, for a period of 45 days. Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) levels were observed at regular intervals. After the treatment period, the liver, kidneys and pancreas of the experimental animals were estimated for their antioxidative status. The antioxidant markers such as Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced Glutathione (GSH) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) saw a variation from their normal values. Treatment of Alloxan induced diabetic mice with RCFE for 45 days lead to a significant (P

Drugs belonging to BCS class II, low solubility and high permeability; undergo dissolution-rate limited gastrointestinal absorption. Glimepiride is one of the famous drugs belonging to BCS class II. Its poor aqueous solubility usually causes poor dissolution and unpredicted bioavailability. Hence, formulation techniques that accelerate drug dissolution can guarantee a parallel improvement in bioavailability. Now a days different techniques are available to enhance the solubility of drug like co-solvent, solid dispersion, chemical modification of drug, liquisolid technique etc. One of the favorable strategy to improve the solubility and hence bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs is theformulation of solid dispersion. The solid dispersion may be prepared by solvent evaporation method, melting method, melt solvent method, kneading method, co-grinding method, co-precipitation method, modified solvent evaporation method, spray drying, gel entrapment techniqueand co-precipitation with supercritical fluid. This review article comprises of the research materialized in the field of solubility and dissolution enhancement of glimepiride.

The present study was aimed to scientifically validate the use of Trichosanthes dioica fruits in prevention of diabetes by evaluating their antihyperglycemic and antilipidemic potential. The effect was observed on fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of STZ-nicotinamide (45, 110 mg/kg BW, respectively, i.p) induced diabetic rats after seven days daily administration of chloroform extract rich in moderately polar components (250 mg/Kg BW, p.o). FBG was significantly reduced (p < 0.05 %), when estimated on seventh day of treatment with fruit extract compared to diabetic control. Pre-treatment with fruit extract for seven days also normalized the blood glucose to basal level by the third hour of oral glucose challenge (2g/Kg BW, p.o) in diabetic rats. Moreover, the treatment with fruit extract resulted in significant reduction in the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides comparable to metformin. Results of the present study showed that chloroform extract of T. dioica possesses antihyperglycemic properties and beneficial effects on diabetic hyperlipidemia. All these effects could be due to the bioactive components revealed in the T. dioica fruits such as cucurbitacins, which could justify their ethnomedical use.

Relatively, a large percentage of world population is affected by diabetes mellitus. Up to last decade, an insulin injection by subcutaneous route was mainly used. Due to the inconvenience of insulin injections, various approaches have been attempted to formulate insulin for administration by non-injectable routes. Currently different approaches to deliver insulin including Pens, Jet Injectors, Pumps and Patches have been used. In addition to advances, research in Islet cell transplant, Nano pump, Gene therapy, Artificial pancreas sensor therapy and Boronate glucose responsive system may take the threshold of developing a practical application in future.

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders of fat, carbohydrate, and protein it cause defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. These days the incidence of type -2 DM is increasing word wide; it’s due to western life style. The present review article gives a general idea of diabetic mellitus, its treatment by using insulin, oral hypoglycemic drugs and herbal drugs. Despite considerable progress in the treatment of diabetes by oral hypoglycemic agents, search for newer drugs continues because the existing synthetic drugs have several limitations .The herbal drugs with antidiabetic activity are yet to be commercially formulated as modern medicines, even though they have been acclaimed for their therapeutic properties in the traditional systems of medicine. A number of plants have been described in Ayurveda and other traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. But  information about them is not easily available, in present review article author trying to summarize the various  medicinal plant, there botanical name ,common name and part of plant’s used in  treatment and control hyperglycemia. Goals of therapy in diabetes are directed towards attaining normal glucose level in blood and improved life style by using of herbal medication. India, with their reach sources of medicinal plant which may be used for the treatment of DM. Kew words – Diabetes, medicinal plant, source of plant, metabolic disorder, and insulin

  This community based study assessed the prevalence of obesity and associated factors among age group between 16 to 75 years. The obese and overweight subjects were from age group from 31 to 45 year which was 42.42% and 28.78% respectively and most of them were in sedentary jobs. Obese and overweight dipsomaniac smokers were from the age group46-60 year which was 90%. Prevalence of hypertension and diabetes among overweight elderly was observed in this study. Key words: Obesity, Overweight, Dipsomaniac, Hypertension, Diabetes