medicinal plant

Endophytic fungi are potential sources of bioactive secondary metabolites that can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. Our study was aimed to identify bioactive secondary metabolites from crude extracts of endophytic fungi of three popular medicinal plants (Alstonia boonei- Ahun, Enantia chlorantha- Awopa and Kigelia africana- Pandoro) that have ethnobotanical history in Nigeria. The endophytic fungi were isolated from the stem barks of the plants using standard procedures. They were later fermented in broth culture, and the extract from the cell free broth of each of the fungi was subjected to Gas-Chromatography Mass-Spectrophotometry (GCMS). The results showed that, twenty-one different compounds were characterised from Aspergillus niger, Macrophomina sp, Trichoderma sp. and Penicillium species. The bioactive compounds include; Griseofulvin, Cinnamic acids, Penicillin, Coumarin, Cubenol, Erythritol among others. The presence of these compounds may contribute to the therapeutic properties of the plants.

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders of fat, carbohydrate, and protein it cause defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. These days the incidence of type -2 DM is increasing word wide; it’s due to western life style. The present review article gives a general idea of diabetic mellitus, its treatment by using insulin, oral hypoglycemic drugs and herbal drugs. Despite considerable progress in the treatment of diabetes by oral hypoglycemic agents, search for newer drugs continues because the existing synthetic drugs have several limitations .The herbal drugs with antidiabetic activity are yet to be commercially formulated as modern medicines, even though they have been acclaimed for their therapeutic properties in the traditional systems of medicine. A number of plants have been described in Ayurveda and other traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. But  information about them is not easily available, in present review article author trying to summarize the various  medicinal plant, there botanical name ,common name and part of plant’s used in  treatment and control hyperglycemia. Goals of therapy in diabetes are directed towards attaining normal glucose level in blood and improved life style by using of herbal medication. India, with their reach sources of medicinal plant which may be used for the treatment of DM. Kew words – Diabetes, medicinal plant, source of plant, metabolic disorder, and insulin