CKD

One significant systemic ailment is chronic renal disease. Co-morbid illnesses combined with declining renal function cause patients to take more than one medication. Choosing the right medications is essential to preventing side effects. This study has a prospective observational design in which all patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are included in the analysis. Relevant data was acquired through the use of patient data collection forms, which were filled out and examined. In this study, 120 patients who had prescriptions for medications were reviewed prospectively; of these, 76 (63.33%) were men and 44 (36.66%) were women. According to demographic data, men are more likely to develop CKD. According to demographic information, patients between the ages of 41 and 60 were found to be high in 62 middle-aged individuals (51.66%) and low in young adults (7.83%) in the 19–30 age group. Anti-hypertensive medications were the most commonly prescribed class of pharmaceuticals, followed by cardiovascular, hematinic, and anti-diabetic medications. A total of 1.16% of prescriptions were written under their generic names. 10.96% of prescriptions included an injectable products. Antibiotic prescriptions made up 54.16% of all prescriptions. Ninety-three percent of the medications prescribed came from the WHO Essential medicines list. The study shows that the prescription of brand-name medications was frequently noticed using WHO core indicators, which were used to monitor the drug prescribing trend. This study concludes that CKD patients were more likely to be treated with diuretics, antihypertensives, oral hypoglycemic medications, and hematinic agents.

Kidney is one of the vital organs in the human body. The function of the kidney involves purification of the blood, reabsorption of water, excretion of waste, secretion of hormones like adrenaline. When the kidney becomes non-functional, it leads to a condition called chronic kidney disease (CKD), where the kidney fails to purify the blood. When this happens, the patients are expected to switch over to artificial methods of purifying the blood such as dialysis. Patients suffering from CKD have high levels of phosphate (hyperphosphatemia) and leads to calcification of blood vessels. In order to reduce phosphate levels the patients are recommended drugs which act as phosphate binders like sevelamer hydrochloride and sevelamer carbonate. In the present investigation the banding patterns of serum proteins and the serum along with plant samples and the drug were analysed through Native –PAGE. The serum protein interaction studies showed a positive result for sevelamer hydrochloride where as the sevelamer carbonate displayed less interaction. The swelling property of the drug was studied using phase contrast microscopy. It was observed that the drug swells up when treated with water and also the content of the drug slowly dissolves with time. Keywords: CKD, hyperphosphatemia, calcification, phosphate binders.