Albendazole

The present paper investigated the In-vitro anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extracts of Mollugo nudicaulis Lam, Syzygium cumini Linn and Hibiscus vitifolius Linn to determine the possible effects by using Pheretima Posthuma (Indian adult earthworm). Two concentrations of each extracts (50,100mg/ml) were used in this activity and the same concentration of Albendazole as a standard drug and distilled water with 1%w/v carboxyl methyl cellulose as control. Determination of paralysis time (vermifuge) and death time (vermicidal) of the worms were noted. It was found that the ethanolic extracts of three plants exhibited significant anthelmintic activity at a concentration of 100mg/ml of MNE (highest activity) followed by SCE and HVE (least activity). The above traditional plants confirms the presence of ethanobotanical uses. The plants may be further explored for isolation of active constituents to bring a new active lead for suitable anthelmintic activity.

The present work is aimed at Design and development of medicated lollipop containing Albendazole. One of the major health problems faced by hundreds of millions of school-age children is infection by helminths, more commonly known as worms. Albendazole is used as abroad-spectrum anthelmintic. The conventional dosage forms like tablets, capsules, syrups etc are inconvenient for paediatric, geriatric, bedridden patients because of difficult to swallow tablets and capsules or unpleasant taste of drug. As a result, the demand for developing new technologies has been increasing day by day. Lollipops are defined as the flavoured medicated dosage forms intended to be sucked and held in the mouth or pharynx containing one or more medicaments usually in the sweetened base.  Medicated lollipop is designed to improve patient compliance and increase oral retention time. The lollipops were prepared by heating and congealing method using hydroxypropylmethylcelluloseK4M as polymer. Drug-excipient compatibility study was carried out using FTIR. All the formulations were subjected to various physicochemical evaluations like weight variation, hardness, drug content, friability etc. The in-vitro dissolution study of F3 was carried out by two method a) Paddle method b) flow through cell method .The in-vitro permeation  study of F3 was found to be 72.2% at 30 min. Stability study was carried out as per ICH-Guidelines (Q1A) at 25±2oC/60±5% RH and 40±2oC/75±5% RH . From the present study it can be concluded that addition of hydrophilic polymers yield good result to prolong oral retention time of lollipop.

A new series of 4-(2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)-6-(6-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine (Va-k) have been synthesized by the reaction of 3-(2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)-1-(6-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (IVa-k) with guanidine nitrate in ethanol and aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The synthesized compounds were characterized by their IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectral studies. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for anthelmintic activity by in-vitro method, against south Indian adult earth worms Pheretima posthuma using Albendazole as a standard drug. Results of the activities reveal that, compounds exhibited moderate to good anthelmintic activity.

Albendazole (ALB), chemically known as methyl [5-(propylthio)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl] carbamate is widely used as an anthelmintic having a wide spectrum of activity. Numerous numbers of analytical methods are there for the simultaneous estimation of bulk and in formulation, such as spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography. As the UV spectrophotometric method is rapid, simple, accurate and economical, the method has been developed for the assay of the albendazole in pharmaceutical formulation. The wavelengths selected for the method were at 291 nm. The results of analysis have been validated by recovery studies as per ICH guidelines. The developed method was rapid, simple, accurate and economical and it can be used for routine quality control analysis. It showed absorption maxima at 291 nm in analytical grade DMF. The drug obeyed the Beer’s law and showed good correlation of concentration with absorption which reflect in linearity.

To evaluate the physicochemical parameter. Anti-Helminthic  activity, Anti-Fungal activity and Anti-bacterial activity by various extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol) against various gram positive and gram negative bacteria (E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) using a standard as Amoxicillin, Anti-Fungal activity (Candida Albicans, Aspergillus) using Ketoconazole and Anti-Helminthic  activity using a standard as Albendazole. The collected leaves of Rubus Ursinus were dried under shade for 10 days and then powdered into coarse particles in a mechanical grinder for further use, Extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol. Antihelmentic activity was evaluated on adult Pheritima Posthuma. Earthworms by subjecting to standard drug albendazole at a dose level of 10mg/ml and to the extracts of petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol at doses of 10mg/ml, 20mg/ml,25mg/ml 30mg/ml and 35mg/ml respectively. Anti-Fungal activity and Anti-bacterial activity was also performed against different bacteria by using disc diffusion method, the zones of inhibition of the extracts using standard as Amoxicillin and Ketoconazole  were determined. The powder leaves of Rubus Ursinus plant was subjected to extraction with four solvents petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol. High yield was obtained by methanol extracts of Rubus Ursinus plants. The qualitative test for methanol extraction was given positive tests for alkaloids, proteins & aminoacids,Tannins,Glycosides,FlavonoidsSaponins,Carbohydrates,Steroids& terpenoids and Phenolic compounds The anti-helmintic study and anti- fungal study of BlackBerry leaves was observed by using the extract of  methyl alcohol. The anti-bacterial study of various BlackBerry leaves extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol)  were found to be effective against various gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The leave part of plant of RUBUS URSINUS was observed for the Pharmacognostic investigation and Potent Anti-helmentic activity and significant Anti-Microbial activity. . The purified components may have even more potency with respect to inhibition of microbes. Key Words: RUBUS URSINUS, Amoxicillin, Ketoconazole, Albendazole