Santhosh Kumar Ranajit

This article provides an overview on the pharmacological effects, uses of various plant parts, Phytochemical constituents of Tulsi. In India, Tulsi is a plant of religious, cultural and medicinal importance from time unknown. It is also known as holy basil belongs to family Lamiaceae. Each part of the plant that is stem, leaves, roots and the whole plant, flowers is known for its medicinal properties. Tulsi has been found to protect organs and tissues against chemical stress from industrial pollutants and heavy metals, and physical stress from prolonged physical exertion, ischemia, physical restraint and exposure to cold and excessive noise. Tulsi has also been shown to counter metabolic stress through normalization of blood glucose, blood pressure and lipid levels, and psychological stress through positive effects on memory and cognitive function and through its anxiolytic and anti-depressant properties. Tulsi its wide pharmacological uses made it a most sought-after plant for scholars and researchers. In this review article we focus mainly on Cultivation, botanical description, taxonomy, medicinal uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities of Tulsi like anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, analgesic activity, anti-inflammatory were discussed in detail. Various species of genus occimum were also mentioned, with their phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities. This review article contains cumulative information from various research articles.

Syzygium genus contain several plant species which spread across the world, most of them are having diverse biological activity among which some are reported, and some are not. So, Syzygium genus is a subject of interest to researchers. All Syzygium species are actively studied to find new activity or better dose at which they can be used. This review focuses on various species of genus Syzygium, their phytochemical constituents and their pharmacological activities. Syzygium aromaticum (Clove), Syzygium samarangense (Java apple), Syzygium anisatum (Aniseed tree), Syzygium caryophyllatum (Lilly pilly), Syzygium aqeum (Water apple), Syzygium jambos (Mountain Apple), Syzygium cumini (Java plum), Syzygium australe (Brush cherry), Syzygium luehmannii (Riberry) etc., were mentioned in this review article. Biological activities like anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, platelet inhibition, hepato-protective were found among plants of Syzygium species. Our present review mentions all the activities, anti-diabetic in detail. We tried to gather cumulative data as per our knowledge, hope it is useful to anyone who is studying or researching about Syzygium. Syzygium cumini is given importance in this review article as it has diverse uses and most of the parts of the plant have their own applications in medical field.

This article provides a review on the pharmacological effects of Aegle marmelos. It is belonging to Rutaceae family. The Aegle marmelos is also known as Bael, Bilwa and wooden apple plant. It contains various bioactive components in leaves, flowers, fruits, wood, root, and bark which has different biological activities and high therapeutic importance. The phytochemical compounds which are isolated from the Aegle marmelos are Coumarins (Marmelosin, marmesin, imperatorin), alkaloids (Aeglin, aegelenine), Tannins (skimmianine), Carotenoids and seed oils and other miscellaneous compounds. The phytochemical components of this plant showed various pharmacological and biological activity against certain chronic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, immunosuppressive disease and gastrointestinal disorder. The different parts of this plant extract possess pharmacological activities like anticonvulsant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antihyperglycemic, anxiolytic, antidepressant, antihistaminic, antimicrobial, hepato protective, analgesic, immuno modulatory, cardio protective and antithyroid activities. The present review summarizes the information about botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities and insecticidal properties of A. marmelos plant.