Abdullah

Hulba is one of the oldest known medicinal herbs in the recorded history. According to Unani Physicians Hulba has dafae tashannuj, mudirre haiz, mulattif muhallil and munzij properties. The drug is globally distributed, easy available and one of the proved analgesics. It is pharmacologically proved for anti-inflammatory, analgesics diuretic and immunomodulatory activities. These properties are attributed to the presence of saponins, tannins and flavonoids. To gather the literary description regarding the Hulba, a potent Unani herbal drugs. For getting reference for Hulba, author search the classical Unani Text and the research done on the said herb. Author also uses Google Search, Google Scholar and Google Search pdf as search engine to get the information from internet. Keywords: Hulba; Trigonella foenum graecum Linn; Unani medicine, Herb, Tibb, AYUSH.

Ranitidine hydrochloride tablet is used as a drug of choice for peptic ulcer therapy. It is   available in several brands in the Sudanese pharmaceutical market. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality, safety and efficacy of the different brands and to assure the interchangeability among different brands and the originator (Zantac®).Four brands available in the market were assessed “evaluated” using pharmacopoeial parameters for quality such as weight variation test, hardness test, friability test, dissolution test and assay along with the similaritydissimilarity factors were evaluated. The results obtained in this study showed that the different brands satisfied pharmacopoeial parameters, although not all of them were pharmaceutically equivalent or interchangeable with the originator. Key words: Ranitidine, Sudanese drug market, quality control, interchangeable.  

The present study was aimed to evaluate the wound healing activity of extract of seeds of Swietenia macrophylla. It is well-known plant in Asian traditional medicines. On the basis of traditional use and literature references, this plant was selected for wound healing potential. The ethanolic extract of seeds of Swietenia macrophylla was examined for wound healing activity in the form of ointment in the excision wound model using Albino rats. The extract ointments showed efficient response in the excision wound model as comparable to the group treated with standard drug Betadine ointment and control group in terms of wound contracting ability, wound closure time and epitheliallization period. Histological analysis was also consistent with the proposal that Swietenia macrophylla seed extract exhibits significant wound healing. Swietenia macrophyllan was found to possess significant wound healing property. This was evident by decrease in wound closure (P

The use of different solvents to extract plant materials is to obtain component of utmost activity for the management of various disease conditions. Cocoa powder was subjected to different menstruum (aqueous, ethanol, n-hexane and chloroform) to remove inert materials and obtain pure active components whose effect was determined. Diabetes was induced in forty female Albino rats divided randomly into five groups, each consisting of eight rats, using 120mg/kg body weight alloxan. Different extracts of the powder were administered orally for twenty one days at a dose of 200mg/kg each except in the diabetic untreated group. Fasting blood sample was collected from the tail vein daily to determine the blood glucose concentration. On 22nd day, fasting blood samples were collected from all the rats for lipid profile estimation. Results showed a significant decrease (P

Co-amoxiclav for pediatric use comes as oral powder, which has to be reconstituted before administration. Concerns have been raised regarding the appropriateness of environmental conditions. A stability study was carried out on the original brand (Augmentin) suspension which were reconstituted and kept under the standard storage conditions of 2-8ºC and at home conditions (25ºC). Both compounds (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) were considered stable if they retained 90% of their initial concentrations. From the study, it was found that the home conditions had no significant detrimental effect on the stability of amoxicillin but had a significant on stability of clavulanic acid, throughout the duration of therapy (10 days). However. The standard storage temperature should be adhered to stringently to guarantee maximum therapeutic benefit. This revealed that amoxicillin remained stable throughout the duration of therapy but clavulanic acid did not. Physical compatibility was assessed by visual observation for discoloration and precipitation throughout the duration of therapy. The chemical stability of the drug was analyzed by HPLC instrumental method. The various parameters analyzed include description, odor, color, taste, assay, water content, specific gravity, and pH. These parameters were evaluated at zero day, 3rd day, 7th day, 10th day intervals. The results of assay indicate that the samples are within the allow able limits (90-120%) for amoxicillin at recommended conditions and home conditions, but the storage of Augmentin suspension at home conditions (25ºC). showed that the  clavulanic acid rapidly exposed to degradation directly after reconstitution of all batches after 3 days, the assay test were out the limit, however, when stored at refrigerator temperature (2-8ºC) the degradation of clavulanic acid is very low after prolong period (about 10 days). The results of amoxicillin concentration in all tested batches that were stored at 2-8ºC were very similar to the results of assay that were stored at room temperature. Key words: stability evaluation, amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, degradation, reconstitution.

Practically water insoluble Simvastatin has been accused for being poorly absorbed from gastro intestinal tract. With an aim to improve the solubility and dissolution characteristics of the drug, solid dispersion and surface solid dispersion were prepared by using different water soluble and insoluble carrier at different ratio. Dispersions were made by solvent evaporation technique and undergo drug content test, compatibility by FT-IR, DSC thermal study and in vitro drug release study. FT-IR and DSC thermographs showed the compatibility of the drug and carrier in the incorporated ratio. All the preparations were found to improve the dissolution behavior of Simvastatin significantly compare to the binary physical mixtures and the pure drug. The suitability of solid dispersion and surface solid dispersion technique was evaluated. Also the efficacy of the carriers to improve the dissolution behavior was compared. Tablets were formulated by incorporating dispersions and were subjected to various physical tests including thickness, diameter, hardness, average weight and disintegration time. Their release pattern was compared with compressed matrix of drug and two brand products available in Bangladesh market. Their drug release pattern was further characterized with mean dissolution time (MDT), fractional dissolution time (T50% and T80%) and percent dissolution efficiency. Tablets made of dispersion with HPMC, sodium starch glycolate and croscarmellose sodium were found to have better release rate and extent than the drug and the brand products.

Abutilon indicum Linn. (Malvaceae) commonly called Country Mallow is abundantly found as weed in sub-Himalayan tract and in hotter parts of India. The present study attempts to summarize the pharmacognostical profile of Abutilon indicum Linn. The study comprises of preliminary phytochemical screening, morphology, and histology.

Atorvastatin Tablet is one of the best selling drugs in the world, but still it suffers inadequate bioavailability problem from oral dosage. An attempt was taken to evaluate the floating drug delivery system for Atorvastatin by incorporating it in different grades of Carbomer matrix. Direct compression technique was selected and different once daily formulations were designed. The tablets were successfully floated over prolonged time and released the drug at a controlled fashion depending on the grade and quantity of Carbomer used. The tablets were evaluated for different physical tests including weight variation, friability, hardness, diameter and thickness. The compatibility between drug and polymers were confirmed by FT-IR spectra. Buoyancy characteristics of the tablets were determined by observing lag time, swelling index and total buoyancy period. The mechanism of drug release from the matrixes was assumed by fitting the release profile with different mathematical equations. Formulation F-5 and F-10 were found to release the drug at most sustaining manner and also had the longest total floating time. 

Gestational diabetes mellitus is considered as one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy as it has implications on both the mother and the child. It is caused by reduced pancreatic β-cells function as they don’t produce enough insulin to meet the requirements of pregnancy. Internationally, it is recommended to screen all pregnant women by measuring their glucose between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. It can be managed either non-pharmacologically or pharmacologically depending on the severity of hyperglycemia. The present  study was intended to measure the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Oman and to explore the available treatment options in both governmental and private hospitals. Out of 1792 patients who attended the Gynecological department between the study period, a total of 219 patients visited gestational diabetes clinic at Sohar Hospital, Saham Polyclinic and a private hospital. Of the total number of participants from all the clinics, 103 had a family history of diabetes mellitus whereas 17 had no family history. 120 patients agreed to participate in questionnaire interview and were informed about the purpose of the study. A good response from patients is a good indication for a future national study.  

The aim and objective of the study was to formulate the matrix system of Loxoprofen sodium that has a very short plasma half-life of 1.15 hours. Natural hydrophilic polymers (Xanthan gum and Pectin) were used to formulate matrix system. These polymers were used to sustain the drug in the matrix system that allowed the slow release of the drug. Different concentration of Xanthan gum and Pectin were used, individually as well as polymeric blends. Wet granulation method was selected for the compression of granules into tablets of 350mg each. Both pre-compressional and post-compressional parameters showed good results. Dissolution studies carried out in distilled water and 0.1 N HCl for 12 hours.  Matrix system of Xanthan gum showed comparatively good sustained effects in both media with suitable drug released concentration. Kinetics of drug release was studies by different kinetics models and it was observed that Higuchi was the best fit model for F6 that released minimum drug from the matrix. Values of similarity index showed that F5 resembled with the reference formulation (F6). All the tablets showed good swellability upon hydration that was greatly related to polymers concentration.