histamine

Nanotechnology plays a major role in the medical field for treating various pathological conditions, but the field of nanoimmunology has not developed to full extent. This paper presents about the role of nanoparticle in treatment of allergy. Mast cells and peripheral blood basophils are the cells mainly responsible for allergy. When a foreign particle enters the body, the immune system is activated and they produce certain molecules (mostly immunoglobulins, IgE). Histamines are also produced by the mast cells which affect the local areas, thus, stimulating the production of immunoglobulins. This review explains how allergies can be cured by using buckminster fullerenes (buckyballs). The fullerene attaches with mast cells and basophils, and then inhibits activation of IgE receptor. However, the major disadvantage of using buckyballs is its toxicity. Fullerene molecules in water form oxygen free radicals which in turn react with the lipid molecules present in the cell membrane. The lipid molecules form free radicals which lead to rupture of cell membrane on interacting with water present outside the cell. But the toxicity can be reduced by surface modifications. Therefore the surface of buckyballs can be modified on reaction with 24 OH groups and 3 COOH groups to reduce toxicity. The COOH and OH side groups make the buckyball derivatives more water soluble. Therefore they are less likely to form clumps. The advantages of using fullerenes is that it does not have side effects that certain anti-allergic drugs have and is highly effective in reducing allergic responses.

The study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of fruit of Coccinia indica (cucurbitaceae) (MECI) was evaluated against several models of inflammation in rats. Inflammation was induced by subplanter injection into right hind paws of rats by injecting 1%w/v of carrageenan, histamine and dextran solution individually in each groups and antiinflammatory action of methanolic extract of the fruits of Coccinia indica (MECI) (100, 150 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated and compared with standard drug indomethacine (20mg/kg,p.o). The rats were also implanted with cotton pellet and granuloma formation was compared of methanolic extract of the fruits of Coccinia indica (MECI) against diclofenac sodium. (10 mg/kg, p.o.) The extract showed 44.66%, 26.81% and 32.74% inhibition at the dose level of 200 mg/kg, p.o. for carageenan, histamine and dextran induced paw oedema respectively; when compared to that of control group. The effect was comparable with that of the standard drug indomethacin (20 mg/kg, p.o.). The extract also has effectively and significantly reduced the cotton pellet induced granuloma in rats. The percentage inhibition was 59.05% at the dose level of 200 mg/kg, p.o. From the present research work it was concluded that methanol extract of fruit of Coccinia indica (cucurbitaceae) (MECI) has shown significant activity which may be due to some short of phytochemicals such as tannins, saponins, reducing sugars and triterpenoids. and compared with Dexamethasone as standard drug.