carrageenan

A potential mechanism of NSAID-mediated anti-proliferative activity may be through the induction of NAG-1. The present study was conducted to investigate the possible role of selective and non-selective COX inhibitors in inflammation associated angiogenesis and apoptosis. Wistar rats were classified into 5 experimental groups; 9 rats each. Group (1) normal control and group (2) injected s.c. with 0.3 % carrageenan in muscle. Groups (3, 4 and 5) were injected s.c. with carrageenan and at the same time given orally 10 mg/Kg Celecoxib, 12.5 mg/Kg Nimesulide or 10 mg/Kg Sulindac, respectively. NAG-1 gene expression in the liver was measured by RT-PCR. Serum TNFα and muscle caspase-3 were measured by ELISA.Immunohistochemical detection of VEGF in the muscle was investigated. Carrageenan untreated rats showed insignificant change in NAG-1 gene expression compared with control group. Serum TNFα and muscle caspase-3 as well as VEGF expression in carrageenan untreated group were significantly increased compared with normal control rats. In Sulindac treated group, NAG-1 gene expression in the liver and muscle caspase-3 were significantly increased compared with Celecoxib and Nimesulide groups. TNFα serum level was significantly decreased in Nimesulide and Celecoxib treated groups compared with carrageenan and Sulindac groups. The examined NSAIDs proved proapoptotic and antiangiogenic effects.

The study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of fruit of Coccinia indica (cucurbitaceae) (MECI) was evaluated against several models of inflammation in rats. Inflammation was induced by subplanter injection into right hind paws of rats by injecting 1%w/v of carrageenan, histamine and dextran solution individually in each groups and antiinflammatory action of methanolic extract of the fruits of Coccinia indica (MECI) (100, 150 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated and compared with standard drug indomethacine (20mg/kg,p.o). The rats were also implanted with cotton pellet and granuloma formation was compared of methanolic extract of the fruits of Coccinia indica (MECI) against diclofenac sodium. (10 mg/kg, p.o.) The extract showed 44.66%, 26.81% and 32.74% inhibition at the dose level of 200 mg/kg, p.o. for carageenan, histamine and dextran induced paw oedema respectively; when compared to that of control group. The effect was comparable with that of the standard drug indomethacin (20 mg/kg, p.o.). The extract also has effectively and significantly reduced the cotton pellet induced granuloma in rats. The percentage inhibition was 59.05% at the dose level of 200 mg/kg, p.o. From the present research work it was concluded that methanol extract of fruit of Coccinia indica (cucurbitaceae) (MECI) has shown significant activity which may be due to some short of phytochemicals such as tannins, saponins, reducing sugars and triterpenoids. and compared with Dexamethasone as standard drug.

  The whole-plant, Pergularia daemia (Family: Asclepediaceae), extract (50% alcohol) was investigated for phytochemical, physico-chemical parameters and its anti-inflammatory activity. Preliminary organic analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoid, steroid, triterpenoid and phenolic compounds in the extract. Physiochemical studies revealed that total ash is 13.62%, acid insoluble ash is 1%, alcohol soluble extractive value is 17.6%, water soluble extractive value is 30.4% and loss on drying at 105°C is 10.6%.  The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema (acute inflammation) and chronic models like; cotton pellet granuloma and carrageenan air pouch granuloma. Oral administration of the extract (50 and 100 mg/kg) exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic models (p < 0.01) of inflammation. In conclusion, present investigation established specific identities that will be useful in identification and authentication of the raw drug and pharmacological evidences to support the folklore claim that P. daemia is used as anti-inflammatory agent.   Key words: Pergularia daemia, physicochemical, carrageenan, cotton-pallet