Surfactant

Throughout the last 20 years, several trendy technologies are established within the pharmaceutical analysis and development space. The automation of the drug drug discovery method by technologies like high output screening, combinatorial chemistry and computer aided drug design is resulting in a huge range of drug candidates possessing a very good efficacy. Unfortunately, several of drug candidates are a unit exhibiting poor liquid solubility. The use of drug nanocrystal is an universal formulation approach to extend the therapeutic performance of those medication in any route of administration. Drug nanocrystals are crystals with a size range in the nanometer range, meaning that they are nanoparticles with a crystalline character. This review describes the chemistry properties of drug nanocrystals, production method and potential clinical advantages. Poorly soluble medication are usually difficult drawback in drug formulation. Reducing the particle size of a drug to a nono-scale leads to an increased in surface area-to-volume ratio, increased dissolution velocity and improved in vivo performance of poorly soluble drugs.

Self-micro-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) are one of the proven methods to increase solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. SMEDDS are isotropic mixtures, consisting of oils, surfactants, and sometimes co solvents. Designed formulations are used to improve the oral absorption of highly lipophilic compounds. Multiple lipid-based drug delivery systems are widely reported in the literature and they include simple oil solutions, coarse, multiple and dry emulsions, and more complex self-emulsifying, micro emulsifying or nano emulsifying drug delivery systems. The process of self-emulsification is dependent on diverse factors such as the nature of oil, surfactant, cosurfactant, oil/surfactant ratio, and the polarity of the emulsion. Considering the ease of large-scale production and the robustness of SMEDDS, several formulations are commercially available which utilize this technology. This article attempts to present an overview of SMEDDS along with their applications, compiled literature data, commercially available products, and their descriptions.

Solid lipid nanoparticles were developed in early 1990. A new type of colloidal drug carrier for intravenous administration. Aqueous dispersion of solid lipid or dry powder with ranges between 50 – 1,000 nm and rapidly developed nanotechnology with potential applications in various field of pharmaceutics cosmetic, clinical medicine research mainly focused on drug targeting site and hydrophilic lipophilic carrier and various lipid and surfactant are used phospholipids and poloxamer 188 and triglycerides are used.SLN offer unique properties such as large surface area, small size, high loading. Keywords: Nanotechnology, Drug Carrier, Surfactant, Solid-lipid, Phospholipids.

Drug targeting is the ability to direct a therapeutic agent specifically to desired site of action with little or no interaction with nontarget tissue. Niosomes are one of the best carriers for drug targeting. Niosomes are microscopic lamellar structures formed on admixture of non-ionic surfactant of the alkyl or dialkyl polyglycerol ether class and cholesterol with subsequent hydration in aqueous media. Niosomes are biodegradable, relatively nontoxic, more stable and inexpensive, an alternative to liposomes. Niosomes can be SUV (Small Unilamellar Vesicles), MLV (Multilamellr Vesicles) or LUV (Large Unilamellar Vesicles). The method of preparation of niosome is the based on liposome technology. The basic process of preparation is the same i.e. hydration of the lipid phase by aqueous phase. Niosomes are characterized by vesicle size, bilayer formation, number of lamellae, membrane rigidity and entrapment efficiency. A method of in-vitro release rate study includes the use of dialysis tubing. Niosomal drug delivery is potentially applicable to many pharmacological agents for their action against various diseases including cancer and leishmaniasis.