Chitosan

  The Aim of this study was preparation of dry powder formulation of rifampicin loaded polymeric microparticles as dry powder formulation for inhalation in effective tuberculosis treatment.The microparticles containing rifampicin (RIF) were prepared by spray drying method using different biocompatible polymers like chitosan and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) The microparticles and microparticle blend with coarse carrier Inhalac 230 were investigated for its aerosolization properties like emitted dose, Mass median aerodynamic diameter, Fine particle Fraction, Geometric Standard Deviation.The spray drying method produced wrinkle surfaced porous microparticles under the size range of 10µm. Mass median aerodynamic diameter obtained for all formulation ranged in 2.68 µm to 3.73 µm and Fine particle fraction in between 51.58 ± 5.36 to 72.74 ± 3.18. The lowest tapped density value obtained was 0.102 g/cm2 belong to formulation coded M1. In vitro deposition studies using cascade impactor showed emitted dose of > 90% for all batches. The polymeric microparticles produced by spray drying technique showed promising particle characteristics suitable for inhalation with Fine particle fraction (72.74 ± 3.18) of total emitted dose, after blending with lactose. The blending of the microparticles with Inhalac 230 allowed the Fine particle fraction values to increase by increasing the dispersibility of powder on inspiration. Key words: Rifampicin, Dry Powder Inhalation, Chitosan, HPMC, Interactive blend.

The concept of controlled release tablet can be utilized to provide a long lasting and more reliable release of drug in GIT to ultimately develop a once daily formulation. Thus, they prolong the dosing intervals, but also increase patient compliance beyond the level of existing conventional dosage forms. Erythromycin, macrolide antibiotics is used in the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, Chlamydial infections, etc. It is a drug with short biological half-life 1.5 hrs and dosing frequency more than one per day which makes it an ideal candidate for controlled release. The present investigation was planned to formulate the Erythromycin stearate once daily controlled release tablets. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method and were subjected for in vitro drug release studies. The mechanism of drug release was determined using various kinetic models. The results revealed that all the formulated tablets had acceptable physical properties and showed release up to 24 hrs. The kinetic studies revealed that all the formulations followed Zero order release kinetics. The tablets were prepared by Direct Compression technique and evaluated for various parameters. The optimized formulation contains Erythromycin Stearate as active ingredient, HPMC K15M, Chitosan and Xanthan gum as rate retarding polymers.

  The goal of present investigation highlights the formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal patches of Tramadol hydrochloride. The mucoadhesive buccal patches of Tramadol hydrochloride were prepared by solvent casting technique using various concentrations of Chitosan polymer. The formulated patches were evaluated for their physicochemical parameters like thickness, weight variation, surface pH, content uniformity, folding endurance swelling percentage studies and in vitro residence time. In vitro release studies were performed with pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution. Good results were obtained both in physicochemical and in vitro studies. The films were exhibited controlled release more than six hours. The in-vitro release datas were fit to different equation and kinetic models to explain release profiles. The best mucoadhesive performance and matrix controlled release was exhibited by the formulation R6. The formulation was found be right and suitable candidate for the formulation of Tramadol HCL mucoadhesive buccal patches for therapeutic use. Key words: Tramadol HCL, Chitosan, Mucoadhesive buccal patches, PVP K-30.

In the recent years considerable research efforts have been directed towards developing safe and efficient chitosan-based particulate drug delivery systems. Chitosan nanoparticles are good drug carriers because of their good biocompatibility and biodegradability, and can be readily modified. The primary hydroxyl and amine groups located on the backbone of chitosan allow for chemical modification to control its physical properties. When the hydrophobic moiety is conjugated to a chitosan molecule, the resulting amphiphile may form self-assembled nanoparticles that can encapsulate a quantity of drugs and deliver them to a specific site of action. Chemical attachment of the drug to the chitosan throughout the functional linker may produce useful prodrugs, exhibiting the appropriate biological activity at the target site. Mucoadhesion and absorption enhancement properties of chitosan increase the in vivo residence time in the gastrointestinal tract and improve the bioavailability of various insoluble drugs. The present review outlines the major new findings on the pharmaceutical applications of chitosan-based nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. The first part of the review is concerned with the organ-specific delivery system using chitosan and its derivatives. The subsequent section covers methods of their preparation, drug loading, release characteristics, and applications. Chemically modified chitosan have increased attention for their wide applications and their research discussed critically to evaluate usefulness of these systems in delivering the bioactive molecules. From literature survey, it is realized that research activities on chitosan nanoparticulate systems containing various drugs for different therapeutic applications have increased at the rapid rate. Hence, the present review is timely. Key Words: Chitosan, nanoparticles