Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease leading to a gradual and irreversible loss of memory, linguistic skills, and perception of time and space, thinking, and behavior.  Food habits, Dietary pattern has been presented as a contributor to the incidence of Alzheimer’s. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, with the prevalence continuing to grow in part because of the aging world population. Some Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs are available for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, the outcomes are often unsatisfactory, and there is a place for alternative medicine, in particular, herbal medicine. This paper reviews for the how food habits act as one cause for Alzheimer’s disease & the clinical effects of a number of commonly used types of herbal remedies/medicines for the treatment of AD.

Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative brain disease and the most common cause of dementia. Dementia is also caused by other diseases and conditions. it is characterized by decline in memory , language , problem solving and other cognitive skills that effects a person’s ability to perform everyday activities. This decline occurs because nerve cells (neurons) in parts of the brain involved in cognitive function have been damaged and no longer function normally , In Alzheimer’s neuronal damage eventually affects parts of the brain that enable a person to carry out basic bodily functions such as walking and swallowing . People in the final stages of the disease are bed-bound and required around  the-clock care .Alzheimer’s disease is ultimately fatal.1

Nootropic drugs used as a memory enhancer can improve thinking, memory, and alertness in people with Alzheimer’s disease and other disease that affect the mind. Memory is perhaps the most vital of all aspects that differentiates human beings from other animals. However, memory can become faulty due to several reasons, and in that case the person is not able to make full use of his or her potentials. Since ages, drugs and natural remedies have been prescribed to enhance memories in people. 4 million people are thought to be suffering from age related memory and increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. The present study investigate the nootropic activity of poly herbal methanolic extraction (Rhodiola Rodantha Root, Blepharis Maedeterpensis Root, Celastrus Paniculatus Plant seed, Brassica Caulorapa  Bud) by using Active avoidance paradigm, Passive avoidance paradigm, Scopolamine-induced amnesia,  Sodium nitrite intoxication method to assess the nootropic activity.

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is an intermediary enzyme in various cellular pathways, and has been implicated in the Pathophysiology and treatment of numerous diseases, including Alzheimer, diabetes, and bipolar disorder. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a disorder without a molecular marker in peripheral tissues or a disease modifying treatment. Evidence suggest that the co-relation of diabetes and Alzheimer is clear with the GSK-3. Now day’s researchers taking efforts basically to develop the new GSK-3 inhibitors like lithium. For the development of new GSK-3 inhibitors, we have to understand its molecular mechanism and their involvement in pathological condition. So here we summarize brief introduction and mechanism of GSK-3.

Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevalent form of dementia. Neuropathogenesis is proposed to be a result of the accumulation of amyloid β- peptides in the brain together with oxidative stress mechanisms and neuroinflammation. Drugs effective in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) should have several aims: to improve the cognitive impairment, control the behavioral and neurological symptoms, delay the progression of the disease, and prevent the onset. This review discusses the molecular mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease with a focus on the different agents those are inhibit the progression of the disease and improved patients condition and status.. Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, β-amyloid, Tacrine, Rivastigmine