T. Tamizh Mani

The aim of the present study was an attempt to formulate and evaluate Levofloxacin loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NP) by Emulsion solvent diffusion method using poloxamer 188 as surfactant; about eight different formulations (F1-F8) were prepared by changing the ratios of drug and excipients . Among all the formulations F3 was selected as optimized formulations  based on the physico chemical parameters and drug release studies and  it was incorporated in to 1% W/W of Carbopol gel (GF3) to obtained ophthalmic gel ,further, it was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Compatibility studies by FT-IR showed no significant interactions between drug and excipients. The prepared Chitosan nanoparticle were characterized for different parameters like particle size analysis, zeta measurement, SEM, % drug content, entrapment efficiency, FT-IR, DSC, In-vitro release. The Gel containing chitosan nanoparticles (GF3)  were evaluated for different parameters like physical examination, pH, spread ability, viscosity, reological property, % drug content and  In-vitro release. The in vitro dug release and antimicrobial efficacy of GF3 formulation was compared with marketed product. From the results it was observed that the formulation controlled the drug release over a period of 24 hrs following Higuchi model and nonfickian diffusion mechanism with better antimicrobial action than the marketed product. The ocular irritancy study confirmed that ther is no irritation to the eye. From the above study we can conclude that the Levofloxacin loaded CS-NP were successfully prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method and it is found to be  suitable for sustained ocular drug delivery having improved antibacterial action.

Plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Ayurveda, traditional medicine, tribal medicine and other literatures mention the use of plants in the treatment of various human ailments. Researches conducted in the last few decades on  exploring crude drugs mentioned in ancient literature or used traditionally for treating diseases is increasing. The term ginseng refers to the species within Panax, a genus of 11 species of slow growing perennial plants with fleshy roots, in the family Araliaceae. These plants grown in eastern Asia, typically in cooler climates. The two major species are American ginseng (grown in the Midwest of America and exported to China) and Asian ginseng. Ginseng is known to be an adaptogen – adaptogens are substances that help the body to restore itself to health and to work without side effects. The present paper summarizes the traditional uses and pharmacological actions of the roots and rhizomes of ginseng.

  In the present research a simple, accurate, precise and cost effective UV-Vis spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Clobazam, in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form was illustrated. The absorption maxima of the drug was found to be 230 nm in methanol: water (1:1). A linear response was observed in the range of 6- 16 µg/ml with a regression coefficient of 0.999. Validation parameters were carried out as per the guidelines of International Conference for Harmonization. This method can be used in the industries for determination of Clobazam to analyze the quality of formulation without interference of the excipients.   Key words: Clobazam, Anti-epileptic, λmax, ICH, UV-Vis spectroscopy.