Ravi Kumar

Phenothiazine is an organic compound and it is related to the thiazine class of heterocyclic compounds. A novel series of Phenothiazine derivatives were prepared by the reaction of Para amino benzoic acid with 3 different substituted anilines. All the compounds were characterized by melting point, UV, TLC, IR and C,H,N elemental analysis. The synthesis of 3 derivative compounds were prepared, those are 3 derivatives of substituted phenothiazine were prepared in scheme 1 from p-chloro benzoic acid aniline derivatives. All the compounds were structurally elucidated with physical and analytical methods. All the compounds evaluated with invitro anti inflammatory activity by protein denaturation method. The synthesized derivatives were screened for invitro anti-inflammatory activity. 5C Compound showed significant effect at 200-1000 µg/ml.

Synthesis of phenyl (5-substituted phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) methanediamine (TDZ-A to TDZ-C), reaction between aryl aldehydes and Thiosemicarbazide yielded thiosemicarbazone. Thiosemicarbazone in the presence of citric acid and sodium acetate gives 2-amino-5-aryl -1,3,4-thiadiazole, which is treated with aniline in the presence of formaldehyde to obtained targeted compounds phenyl(5-substituted phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)methanediamine. The synthesized Thiadiazoles have been characterized on the basis of analytical spectral data. The resulted compounds were screened for their antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities.

The safety of human exposure to an ever- increasing number and diversity of electromagnetic field EMF sources both at work and at home has become a public health issue. Deficient sperm production may be affected by factors such as radiation and other environmental toxins. Raised body temperature for any reason, and raising scrotal temperature by sitting in sofa or in hot water for a long period of time, can reduce sperm production. Healthy young men who watched more than 20 hours of TV each week had a 44 per cent lower sperm count than those who watched almost no TV. Radiations and excessive heat to the genitalia have damaging effect on the testicles. Hence individuals having direct contact with or exposure to such chemicals have high chances of having primary or secondary infertility. . Intense exercise didn't raise sperm count if accompanied by lots of hours in front of the TV.

The present investigation was aimed at estimating the effectiveness of the edible mucilage of Borassus flabellifer fruit as a polymer in the development of a gastric floating dosage form of ranitidine HCl. Borassus flabellifer fruit mucilage, was shown to aid in the formulation of floating tablets. In the present study, it was used as a pharmaceutical excipient and its efficiency was compared with HPMC in the formulation of ranitidine HCl floating tablets. Sodium bicarbonate was used as a gas-generating agent, ranitidine HCl  tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The prepared tablets were evaluated for physicochemical parameters and found to be within range viz. hardness, swelling index, floating capacity, thickness, and weight variation. Further, tablets were evaluated for in vitro release characteristics for 12 hrs. All in all, the formulation F3 manifested a prolonged release of the active ingredient. The optimized formulation F3 followed higuchi’s mechanism. Based on the diffusion exponent (n) value, the drug release was found to be diffusion controlled. From the study, it was evident that the mucilage manifested all the characteristics of a good pharmaceutical excipient that can be used for the formulation of floating tablets.

  The present study was undertaken to investigate the release retardant potential of Borassus flabellifer mucilage in tablet formulations. In the present study six batches of diclofenac sodium matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation method with different concentrations of BFM (2.5, 5, 7.5,10 and 12.5%w/w) and compared with guar gum as standard release retardant polymer. The tablets had uniform physical appearance, average weight, drug content, and adequate hardness. The results of in vitro release revealed that as the proportion of mucilage in the matrix was increased there was a corresponding decrease in the release of drug. Among the formulations studied formulation F5 containing BFM in the concentration of 12.5% showed sustained and required dissolution profile of drug for 12hrs with cumulative percent release of 98%. Further, the matrix tablets were found to release the drug by diffusion coupled with erosion mechanism. The swelling studies revealed that, as the proportion of mucilage in tablets was increased, there was a corresponding increase in percent swelling of tablets. The SEM photomicrographs showed both pores and gelling structures were present on the surface of tablets indicates the combination of diffusion and erosion mechanism in the release of diclofenac. No chemical interaction between drug, mucilage and mixture of mucilage/drug was seen as confirmed by DSC and IR studies. Optimized formulation (F5) showed no change in physical appearance, drug content, or in dissolution pattern after storage at 40±2°C and 75±5% RH for 3 months.

Conventional drug therapy requires periodic doses of therapeutic agents. These agents are formulated to produce maximum stability, activity and bioavailability.  Floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) have a bulk density less than gastric fluids and so remain buoyant in the stomach without affecting gastric emptying rate for a prolonged period of time. While the system is floating on the gastric contents drug is released slowly at the desired rate from the system. The present study mainly focuses on the development and evaluation effervescent based floating matrix tablet of famotidine. This oral drug delivery offers several advantages over the standard conventional oral dosage forms. Effervescent based floating matrix tablet of famotidine was prepared using sodium bicarbonate as effervescent agent and by incorporating hydrophobic agent stearic acid which retards the drug release and allow the dosage form to float on gastric fluid for several hrs. Then the tablet was evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content and in vitro drug release. On the basis of the preliminary trials, a 32 full factorial design was employed to study the effect of independent variables, HPMC K4M: Carbopol 934P ratio (X1) and concentration of effervescent agent (X2) on dependent variables like floating lag time, Q4 and Q8. The best batch (F3) exhibited optimum floating lag time (16 sec), drug content (98.94%), Q4 (54.36 %), Q8 (93.98%) and similarity factor (83.92). The controlled release of famotidine was observed and good fit to the zero order was demonstrated.