Pallavi

The current work is carried out to for estimation of Chlorcyclizine Hydrochloridein bulk by utilizing area under curve (AUC) method using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. For this purpose the wavelength range 220-240nm was selected. Distilled water was used as a solvent throughout the work. Linearity was observed in concentration range 5-25µg/ml (R2=0.996) for the method. The present method was found to be simple & linear which can be used for routine quality control analysis for spectrophotometric estimation of Chlorcyclizine Hydrochloride in bulk.

The aim of present work was to design and evaluate sustained release matrix tablets of antihyperlipidemic drug. In the present investigation, polymers used in different combinations such as Eudragit RL100 and HPMC E5 in the ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and vice versa with PVP K25 using direct compression technique were prepared. The tablets were evaluated for physical parameters like thickness, hardness, friability, weight variation, and in vitro release studies. The FTIR study indicated that the drug is stable in formulation. The maximum drug release was found to be 94.41% over a period for 12 hours for F4 batch, thus concluded that as the concentration of Eudragit RL100 is increased the drug release decreased. The drug release mechanism followed non-fickian transport from both polymer matrices. All the formulations were stored at 250C/60% RH and 450C/75% RH for 3 months. It showed that all the formulations were physically and chemically stable.

Swine flu is an acute respiratory disease of pigs caused by tiny spheroid virus that is H1N1 virus that belongs to the influenza A virus group. This virus spread the infection in to the people through sneezing, coughing, splitting, inhaling infected droplets. Oseltamivir is now drug of choice for the swine flu, but it has several side effects. The primary infection of H. influenza to the host stimulates the host immune system. Immunostimulant property of herbal drugs proved to stimulate T cell and macrophages that can be used as adjuvant therapy for Swine flu treatment to stimulate the low host immune system. This review is an attempt to discuss the role of immune-stimulant as adjuvant therapy for H1N1.

The assumption on colon-specific drug delivery system suffers from minor inherent problems. The development of novel into pH dependent and microbially triggered compression enteric  coated  tablets  was  done.  Capecitabine was used as a model drug. The core tablet was coated with acid soluble coating, Eudragit®S-100 which was compression coated with immediate release blend of drug containing microbial triggering polysaccharide, guar gum. Different combinations of polymers were selected to achieve drug targeting to the colon for the treatment  of  colorectal cancer. The novel – CODES successfully showed resistance to the gastric environment and exhibited no drug release in simulated intestinal fluid. In-vitro release studies for prepared  tablets  were carried out for 2 hours in 0.1 N HCl, 3 hours in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and remaining in 6.8 pH phosphate buffer. In vitro studies revealed that it have limited drug release in stomach, small intestine and released maximum drug in the colonic environment.

The objectives of this study was to examine the antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of bark of Psidium guajava bellowing to family Myrtaceae, which is originated in Mexico and extends all over the South America, Europe, Africa and Asia. The Psidium guajava is used traditionally  for the treatment of various ailments like  antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-allergy, antimicrobial, antigenotoxic, antiplasmodial, cytotoxic, antispasmodic, cardioactive, anticough, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. For the antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of bark of Psidium guajava Linn, In-vitro and In-vivo methods are used. In-vitro assessment of the ability of the extract to scavenge the Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was determined with reference to the synthetic antioxidant vitamin C and ascorbic acid was used as standard antioxidants. The scavenging activity of plant extract on hydrogen peroxide was found similar as scavenging activity of vitamin C. The Psidium guajava showed the strong In-vitro antioxidant activity and exhibited over 86.01% inhibition at 12 µg/ml concentration. For In-vivo antioxidant activity catalase (CAT) enzyme level was used. CAT levels were measured in fresh liver tissue using ELISA. CAT in hepatic tissue compared to control group. CAT enzymes were significantly increased when treated with aqueous extract of bark of Psidium guajava. In human beings, the highest levels of CAT are found in the liver, kidney and erythrocytes, where it is believed to account for the majority of H2O2 decomposition. These results show that the Psidium guajava could be considered as a natural antioxidant source.

To describe the various adverse donor reactions and determine the frequency of their occurrence in whole blood donors.  A retrospective review of all the no of donor Reactions reports of 19 blood banks of Kerala from 01/01/2014 to 31/12/2015 was done. The total number of donations were 246092(94.34%) and the Donors rejected were 14752(5.66%) 1174(0.48%) had an adverse reaction of which 999(0.41%) were vasovagal related and 175(0.07%) were needle injuries. Donor safety is an essential prerequisite to increase voluntary blood donation. AE analysis helps in identifying the blood donors at risk of AE, applying appropriate motivational strategies, pre-donation counseling, care during and after donation, developing guidelines and hemovigilance programme in countries with limited resources. Strict adherence to the rules is essential to ensure donor safety.  Also  it would have detrimental effects on return of donors for subsequent donations and rate of complications resulting in long-term morbidity and disablement is not negligible.

Nanotechnology is the term given to those areas of science and engineering where the phenomena take place at nano-scale dimensions. Nanotechnology deals with particles sized between 1 to 100 nanometers in at least one dimension and it involves developing or modifying materials or devices within that size. Nanoparticles have different physical, chemical, electrical and optical properties than those that occur in bulk samples of the same material. All aspects of life will benefit from the revolution in nanotechnology. Engineered nanoparticles are increasingly produced for use in a wide range of industrial and consumer products. Hundreds of tons of nanoparticles already enter in the environment annually, but still very little is known of their interactions with biological systems. The challenge for toxicologists is to identify key factors that can be used to predict the toxicity, permit targeted screening, safe and sustained development and use of nanoparticles. In order to gain a sustained development, new technology always needs a good balance between benefit and risk. The aim of this paper is to summarize the target organ toxicity of nanoparticles in different biological systems.

Quality by design is a standout amongst the most techniques which go about as a piece of current methodology to pharmaceutical industry. This paper gives thought regarding the Pharmaceutical Quality by Design (Qbd) and depicts utilization of Quality by design to guarantee quality of pharmaceuticals. The idea advances industry's understanding of the product and manufacturing process with product development, fundamentally constructing quality in, not testing it. It incorporates the Quality Target product profile ,critical quality attributes and key parts of Quality by Design .It likewise gives examination between product quality by end testing and product Quality by Quality by Design. The establishment of Quality by Design is ICH Guidelines. It is focused around ICH Guideline Q8 for pharmaceutical development, Q9 for quality risk management, Q10 for pharmaceutical quality system. It additionally gives application of Quality by Design in pharmaceutical development and manufacturing of pharmaceuticals.

A new, simple, accurate, precise and reproducible RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of Sitagliptin Phosphate Monohydrate and Simvastatin has been developed and validated. Chromatographic separation was achieved using Neosphere C-18 column (4.6 mm 250mm,5mm) in gradient mode with a mobile phase consisting a mixture of acetonitrile:methanol:0.1% orthophosphoric acid in water (70:15:15v/v) at a flow rate of 1ml/min. The eluents were detected at 254 nm using UV detector. The retention time of Sitagliptin Phosphate Monohydrate and Simvastatin were found to be 2.09min and 7.79min respectively. The method was linear over the concentration range of 25-150μg/mL for Sitagliptin Phosphate Monohydrate and 10-60μg/mL for Simvastatin. The % recoveries for Sitagliptin Phosphate Monohydrate and Simvastatin were found to be 98.98-101.06% and 99.89-102.43% respectively. The developed method was validated for parameters like system suitability, specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness and robustness as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and the results were found to be within the limits. This validated method can be used for the routine quality control analysis of Sitagliptin Phosphate Monohydrate and Simvastatin in combined dosage form.

Modified release dosage forms have acquired a great importance in the current pharmaceutical research. It denotes a formulation of a medicinal agent that releases the active ingredients over several hours, in order to maintain a relatively constant plasma concentration of the drug. In addition, sustained and controlled release devices are not applicable in some cases like time-programmed administration of hormones and many drugs. The living systems are predictable dynamic resonating systems which require different amounts of drug at expected times within the circadian cycle.  Pulsatile drug delivery system has fulfilled this requirement. This system is such a system where drug is released suddenly after well-defined lag time or time gap according to circadian rhythm of disease states. No drug is released from the device within this lag time. This method is good for the drugs with extensive first pass metabolism and targeted to specific site in the intestinal tract. Pulsatile drug delivery system classified as time controlled pulsatile release, stimuli induced, chemical stimuli induced pulsatile systems, external stimuli pulsatile release etc.